Correlation between the Bizygomatic Distance and the Width of the Upper Central Incisor in the Cameroonian Melanoderma Adult

Abstract

Bizygomatic distance is a relevant reference used to assist and to guide the choice of antero superior prosthetic teeth, especially when no information about the natural teeth was available. The aim of the present paper was to determine the distance between the canine tips from a bizygomatic distance and to estimate the width of the upper central incisor in normal-dental-facial indices of Cameroonians. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 900 normal Cameroonians of both sexes was conducted. Measurements of bizygomatic distance, distance between the two upper pointers and the mesio-distal width of the upper central incisor were made with a manual and a digital caliper respectively. The equation for calculating the distance of higher canine pointers from the bizygomatic distance was DCT = 0.081 (BZD) + 26.201. The width prediction of the central incisor was obtained by the following formula: WUCI = 6.252 + 0.019 (BZD) + 0.035(DCT) + 0.062 (Reg cul) + (−0.479) sex. Reg.cul represents the cultural region of origin. Results: Female sex was represented by 56.6% against 43.30% males. The average age was 37± (32 SD) years. The average value of the bizygomatic distance was 130.23 mm, the width of the upper central incisor was 9.39 mm while the distance between the two upper canine pointers was 36.70 mm. Significant correlations between bizygomatic distance, the distance between the two canine pointers, and the width of the upper central incisor were found (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The width of the central incisor and the distance between the two upper canine pointers may be determined by the non-invasively method of the bizygomatic distance in the perspective of choosing the teeth for dental prosthesis.

Correlation Between Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Common Facial Measurements

“…21,24,25 However, few studies on the African population have shown contrasting results. 20,26 The average distance between the distal surfaces of maxillary canines is 36.013 mm, which is similar to the values reported for Croatian and Kashmiri populations. 27,28 The minor variations may be attributed to differences in measurement methods.…”

“…This scenario differed for females. Meanwhile, the finding regarding the 1:14 ratio for the BZW to central incisor width was similar to the range of 1:13-1:19 reported by Flavie et al 20 but it differed from the 1:16 ratio reported by Ellakwa et al 41 and Bozkir et al 46 To the best of our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the use of BZW to measure anterior teeth as suggested earlier. 47 Among Chinese population, wider maxillary incisors and canines were recorded, which is not in parallel with this study findings.…”

“…Given the importance of correlation in facial measurement studies, numerous scholars worldwide have used face measurement parameters to determine tooth size for edentulous individuals or for fixed or removable prostheses. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The main goal of this study was to establish accurate relationships between face measurements and maxillary anterior tooth width. The mean widths of six maxillary anterior teeth are wider for men than women, as supported by previous…”

“…Flavie et al used the width of the central incisor and the distance between the two maxillary canine pointers to determine the bizygomatic distance. 20 Regarding mesiodistal tooth width and tooth size discrepancies of Yemenis subjects, Al-Gunaid et al did not find any significant differences in the tooth size and width between the right and left sides of the jaw. 21 Men have larger teeth than women, with clinically significant differences between their anterior and overall tooth size ratios.…”

“…The castes have analyzed the dental arch dimensions on the dental stone casts (Dental Yellow Buff Stone, Type IV, USA) of a maxillary impression constructed using a silicone putty-type impression material (Vinyl Polysiloxane, Hamburg, Germany). Teeth were measured using a sliding caliper following the methods in the literature, 1,9,20 and the width of each tooth in the anterior of the arch was measured using a Digital Vernier Caliper (Mitutoyo, São Paulo, Brazil) with a sharp tip and an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Dental parameters, such as individual mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, were measured on the dental cast (Figure 1A).…”