Correlation Between Sweat Glucose and Blood Glucose in Subjects with Diabetes

Moyer, James D.; Wilson, Donald A.; Finkelshtein, Irina; Wong, Bruce; Potts, Russell O.

doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0262

Cited by 431 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a recent work, real-time sweat ethanol monitoring using a wearable tattoo-based iontophoreticbiosensing system has been developed (20). Sweat extracted from iontophoresis has also been shown to contain glucose levels that can accurately reflect blood glucose (26).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an additional potential application, with our platform we conducted preliminary studies toward understanding the metabolic correlation of glucose content in iontophoresis induced sweat vs. blood. Although there is literature reporting that sweat glucose level is related with blood glucose level (26), their metabolic correlation has not been well studied. To evaluate the utility of our wearable platform for noninvasive glucose monitoring, real-time sweat stimulation and glucose-sensing measurements were conducted on a group of subjects engaged in both fasting and postglucose intake trials.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Emaminejad

Gao

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

636

583

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Perspiration-based wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals' health states with real-time and molecular-level insight. The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 μL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. A wearable and miniaturized iontophoresis interface is an excellent solution to overcome this barrier. The iontophoresis process involves delivery of stimulating agonists to the sweat glands with the aid of an electrical current. The challenge remains in devising an iontophoresis interface that can extract sufficient amount of sweat for robust sensing, without electrode corrosion and burning/causing discomfort in subjects. Here, we overcame this challenge through realizing an electrochemically enhanced iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sweat analysis platform. This interface can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles for real-time analysis, a capability which can be exploited to advance our knowledge of the sweat gland physiology and the secretion process. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation. With our platform, we detected the elevated sweat electrolyte content of cystic fibrosis patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Furthermore, our results indicate that oral glucose consumption in the fasting state is followed by increased glucose levels in both sweat and blood. Our solution opens the possibility for a broad range of noninvasive diagnostic and general population health monitoring applications.W earable biosensors have received considerable attention owing to their great promise for a wide range of clinical and physiological applications (1-10). Despite significant progress made in printed and flexible biosensors in the field, a majority of wearable devices focus on monitoring of physical activity or selected electrophysiological parameters, providing only limited information regarding physiological changes of complex homeostatic responses (4-10). Wearable chemical sensors offer great opportunities for collecting physiological information at the molecular level (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Recently research advances have resulted in a variety of wearable sweat sensors that can be used for real-time analysis of sweat biomarkers including electrolytes, metabolites, and heavy metals (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). We recently demonstrated a fully integrated wearable sensing system for real-time monitoring of multiple analytes in human perspiration during physical exercise which allows accurate measurement of sweat analytes through signal processing and calibration (16).The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 μL) for on-demand and in situ analysis remains to limit our ...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Emaminejad

Gao

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

636

583

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…59 The glucose concentration of sweat is also elevated in persons with diabetes. 60 Autonomic neuropathy induced altered thermoregulation of the skin on the foot could partly explain why the microbiota in that region is more diverse than at other skin sites. Another possible explanation is that sweat glands have a role in innate immunity, mediated by their secretion of antimicrobial peptides, such as dermcidin.…”

Section: Molecular Tools and Management Of Dfumentioning

confidence: 99%

New Molecular Techniques to Study the Skin Microbiota of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Lavigne

Sotto

Dunyach-Rémy

et al. 2015

Advances in Wound Care

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“…Reliable and convenient noninvasive monitoring of target biomarkers in these biofluids can potentially have a major impact on a wide variety of healthcare and wellness applications. For example, the detection of glucose in sweat and ISF has received a tremendous recent attention in connection to the management of diabetes 9, 20, 21, 22, 23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Monitoring of Sweat and Interstitial Fluid Using a Single Wearable Biosensor Platform

et al. 2018

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The development of wearable biosensors for continuous noninvasive monitoring of target biomarkers is limited to assays of a single sampled biofluid. An example of simultaneous noninvasive sampling and analysis of two different biofluids using a single wearable epidermal platform is demonstrated here. The concept is successfully realized through sweat stimulation (via transdermal pilocarpine delivery) at an anode, alongside extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) at a cathode. The system thus allows on‐demand, controlled sampling of the two epidermal biofluids at the same time, at two physically separate locations (on the same flexible platform) containing different electrochemical biosensors for monitoring the corresponding biomarkers. Such a dual biofluid sampling and analysis concept is implemented using a cost‐effective screen‐printing technique with body‐compliant temporary tattoo materials and conformal wireless readout circuits to enable real‐time measurement of biomarkers in the sampled epidermal biofluids. The performance of the developed wearable device is demonstrated by measuring sweat‐alcohol and ISF‐glucose in human subjects consuming food and alcoholic drinks. The different compositions of sweat and ISF with good correlations of their chemical constituents to their blood levels make the developed platform extremely attractive for enhancing the power and scope of next‐generation noninvasive epidermal biosensing systems.

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Correlation Between Sweat Glucose and Blood Glucose in Subjects with Diabetes

Cited by 431 publications

References 10 publications

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

New Molecular Techniques to Study the Skin Microbiota of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Simultaneous Monitoring of Sweat and Interstitial Fluid Using a Single Wearable Biosensor Platform

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