“…An increasing number of experimental and numerical studies conducted on structural response under long-duration motions reflects the increasing attention to this topic. These include experimental investigation of bridge piers (Ou et al, 2014;Mohammed, 2016;Lopez et al, 2020), numerical investigation on concrete frames (Ruiz-Garcia, 2010; Raghunandan and Liel, 2013;Belejo et al, 2017), steel frames (Chandramohan et al, 2016;Barbosa et al, 2017), concrete dams (Zhang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015), timber frames (Pan et al, 2018), seismically isolated bridges (Hassan and Billah, 2020), and masonry structures (Bommer et al, 2004). Kempton and Stewart (2006) identified ground motion duration to be a significant parameter for structures susceptible to strength degradation under cyclic loading.…”