Correlation between Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depression—A Polysomnographic Study

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sleep bruxism is a common phenomenon that can affect approximately 13% of adult population. It is estimated that bruxism can be caused by three types of factors: biological, psychological, and exogenous. There are many scientific reports about the coexistence of bruxism, stress, and psychoemotional disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible correlation between occurrence of sleep bruxism and perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Material and methods: The material of this study consisted of 77 patients of Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry operating at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland in which after using guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine probable sleep bruxism was fund. Patients then underwent video-polysomnography. Exposure to perceived stress was evaluated with Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Occurrence of depressive symptoms was evaluated with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The analysis showed lack of statistically significant correlation between Bruxism Episodes Index (BEI) and Perceived Stress Scale–10 and Beck’s Depression Inventory scores (p = 0.64, p = 0.65; respectively), also when comparing study group (bruxers) and control group (non-bruxers) (p = 0.88, p = 0.77; respectively). Conclusion: Intensity of sleep bruxism was not statistically significantly correlated with self-reported perceived stress and depression. This issue requires further research.

<p>Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults</p>

“…However, to date, the association between SB and inflammation remains unclear, and hence, the present paper addresses the need for investigating the inflammatory features of SB in order to bridge the gaps in the scientific literature. The association between stress and inflammatory markers has been well documented, 28 which suggests that SB, linked with psychoemotional components (such as emotional stress), 11,29,30 may also have an inflammatory etiology. Some authors have indicated that there is a lack of evidence on the association between SB and stress.…”

Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism Outbreak as a Possible Factor of Orofacial Pain Worsening during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Concomitant Research in Two Countries

“…Psychosocial factors, such as stress and anxiety, have been indicated as associated with both SB and AB [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, the latest research showed that self-reported perceived stress was not correlated with the intensity of SB [ 21 ].…”

Myorelaxant Effect of Transdermal Cannabidiol Application in Patients with TMD: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

“…The bioavailability of cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in an aerosol prescribed for oral use is estimated at 6%, and the delay of action is 120 min, much longer compared to the previously mentioned inhalation [36]. Due to the limited oral bioavailability [37] caused by digestion, the specificity of the location of MFP and the lipophilic nature of the test compound, it was decided to test transdermal CBD administration [1,4]. Transdermal drug formulations have many advantages over oral forms of drugs.…”

“…Bruxism is a common phenomenon that can affect from 8 to even 31% of the population without significant differences in relation to sex. Depending on the time of occurrence, we can distinguish awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) [1]. AB is a masticatory muscle activity during wakefulness that is characterized by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible and is not a movement disorder in otherwise healthy individuals [2].…”