Correlation Between Serum Acute Phase Proteins, Lung Pathology, and Disease Severity in Pigs Experimentally Co-Infected with H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus and <i>Bordetella Bronchiseptica</i>

Pomorska‐Mól, Małgorzata; Markowska-Daniel, Iwona; Kwit, Krzysztof; Urbaniak, Kinga; Pejsak, Z.

doi:10.1515/bvip-2015-0001

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the kinetics of acute phase protein (APP) response in SIV/Hps co-infected pigs has not been studied to date. As it has been shown for other pathogens, the exposure to several pathogens can lead to a stronger APP response, as compare to single infection [18][19][20]. Thus, in order to investigate the influence of SIV and Hps coinfection on clinical outcome, both local and systemic inflammatory response as well as pathogen shedding and load at various time points following intranasal inoculation, three experimental infections (Hpsand SIV-single infection, SIV/Hps co-infection) has been performed in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Coinfection modulates inflammatory responses, clinical outcome and pathogen load of H1N1 swine influenza virus and Haemophilus parasuis infections in pigs

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRespiratory co-infections are important factor affecting the profitability of pigs production. Swine influenza virus (SIV) may predispose to secondary infection. Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) can be a primary pathogen or be associated with other pathogens such as SIV. To date, little is known about the effect of coinfection with SIV and Hps on the disease severity and inflammatory response and the role of Hps in the induction of pneumonia in the absence of other respiratory pathogens. In the study we investigated the influence of SIV and Hps coinfection on clinical course, inflammatory response, pathogens shedding and load at various time points following intranasal inoculation. The correlation between local concentration of cytokines and severity of disease as well as serum acute phase proteins (APP) concentration has been also studied.ResultsAll co-infected pigs had fever, while in single inoculated pigs fever was observed only in part of animals. Necropsy revealed lesions in the lungs all SIV-inoculated and co-inoculated pigs, while in Hps-single inoculated animals only 1 out of 11 pigs revealed gross lung lesions. The SIV shedding was the highest in co-inoculated pigs. There were no differences between Hps-single inoculated and co-inoculated groups with regard to Hps shedding. The significant increase in Hps titre in the lung has been found only in co-inoculated group. All APP increased after co-infection. In single-inoculated animals various kinetics of APP response has been observed. The lung concentrations of cytokines were induced mostly in SIV + Hps pigs in the apical and middle lobe. These results correlated well with localization of gross lung lesions.ConclusionsThe results revealed that SIV increased the severity of lung lesions and facilitated Hps (PIWetHps192/2015) replication in the porcine lung. Furthermore, Hps influenced the SIV nasal shedding. Enhanced Hps and SIV replication, together with stronger systemic and local inflammatory response contributed to a more severe clinical signs and stronger, earlier immune response in co-inoculated animals. We confirmed the previous evidence that single-Hps infection does not produce significant pneumonic lesions but it should be in mind that other strains of Hps may produce lesions different from that reported in the present study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Coinfection modulates inflammatory responses, clinical outcome and pathogen load of H1N1 swine influenza virus and Haemophilus parasuis infections in pigs

et al. 2017

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“…Dzieje się tak między innymi poprzez zmianę metabolicznych priorytetów zwierzęcia w kierunku wsparcia sprawności układu odpornościowego, kosztem innych funkcji życiowych. Tym samym system immunologiczny poprzez wykrycie PAMP i w konsekwencji produkcję prozapalnych cytokin i BOF jest krytycznym ogniwem łańcucha łączącego "środowisko patologiczne" z produkcyjnością (15,16).…”

Section: Stres Immunologicznyunclassified

Influence of environmental stress on immunity of swine

Pejsak¹,

Truszczyński²

2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThis paper deals with pigs kept in environments, where they are exposed to a high number of pathogenic microbes and have reduced feed intake and growth, even when no obvious acute illness exists. According to the presented article this chronic drain on production is called immunologic stress. Sentinel immune cells (e.g. macrophages) supervise the diverse microbial environment by detecting pathogen -associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecules associated with groups of pathogens. The immune sentinels detect PAMPs mainly with Toll -like receptors (TLRs). Stimulation of macrophages through their TLRs leads to the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, initiating the inflammatory response that recruits both immune molecules and circulating immune cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enable the immune system to communicate with other physiological systems. They rearrange the animal's metabolic priorities, resulting in re-partitioning of nutrients away from productive processes towards responses that support the immune system. Thus, the immune system, through detection of PAMPs and production of proinflammatory cytokines, is the critical chain link connecting the pathogenic environment to productivity. The evaluation indicates, that at maintenance a healthy animal uses about 0.5-2% of the body's lysine for leucocytes, antibodies and acute phase proteins. In the situation of contamination by pathogens of the environment the immune response is estimated to account for about 9% of the body's lysine. Providing additional lysine in the diet does not improve the reduced growth of the pig, caused by immunologic stress as the result of contamination of the pig environment by pathogenic or facultatively pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, minimizing exposure to pathogenic microorganisms and providing sound environmental management practices is a high priority.

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“…The molecular weight of SAA protein is estimated to be 11.7 kDa with 104 amino acid sequence [11]. Recent advances in clinical trials have established SAA protein as a reliable biomarker for swine flu detection [10,12]. In the serum sample of swine flu infected patients, the secretion of SAA protein concentration is increased many folds, that can overcome the requirement of ultrasensitive biosensing platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Efficient Detection of Swine Flu

et al. 2021

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In the serum sample of swine flu patients, the novel Serum Amyloid A (SAA) protein has been secreted in higher concentration (49.4 � 14.1 μg mL À 1 ) with respect tothe normal subject (12.2 � 15.0 μg mL À 1 ), so SAA protein has been used in swine flu diagnosis. In present work, we developed nanostructured mesoporous carbon (mPC) based electrochemical biosensor for the swine flu detection. The mPC was synthesized through the thermal decomposition process, and with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES), amine functionalization of mPC was carried out. The obtained product was further deposited onto the functionalized indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode using electrophoretic deposition unit with 40V DC voltage for 150 sec. Next, biofunctionalization with monoclonal anti-SAA antibodies (anti-SAA) was carried out onto the APTES/mPC/ITO electrode by EDC-NHS covalent chemistry and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to block non-specific binding sites. The structural and morphological, characterization of the mPC and fabricated electrodes were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. However, surface area and porosity analysis were investigated via Brauner-Emmett-Teller technique. Next, the electrochemical characterization and response studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry technique. The fabricated biosensing platform (BSA/anti-SAA/APTES/ mPC/ITO) exhibited excellent sensitivity of 1.69 μA mL μg À 1 cm À 2 , wider linear detection range between 30-70 μg mL À 1 with a limit of detection of 3.1 μg mL À 1 . The biosensing performance of the fabricated biosensing platform was also investigated in artificial serum samples and showed a good correlation with the obtained electrochemical response.

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Correlation Between Serum Acute Phase Proteins, Lung Pathology, and Disease Severity in Pigs Experimentally Co-Infected with H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus and Bordetella Bronchiseptica

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Coinfection modulates inflammatory responses, clinical outcome and pathogen load of H1N1 swine influenza virus and Haemophilus parasuis infections in pigs

Coinfection modulates inflammatory responses, clinical outcome and pathogen load of H1N1 swine influenza virus and Haemophilus parasuis infections in pigs

Influence of environmental stress on immunity of swine

Nanostructured Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Efficient Detection of Swine Flu

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