Correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and white matter lesions in Alzheimer's disease

Carazo-Barrios, L; Archidona‐Arranz, Alvaro; Claros‐Ruiz, Alejandro; García‐Basterra, Ignacio; Garzón-Maldonado, F.J.; Serrano-Castro, V; Gutiérrez‐Bedmar, Mario; Barbancho, Miguel Ángel; Cosme, Carlos; García-Campos, J.M.; García‐Casares, Natalia

doi:10.1002/gps.5496

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Studies have shown that thinning of GC-IPL in AD patients is associated with volume reduction of occipital and temporal lobes (Ong et al, 2015;Carazo-Barrios et al, 2021). In contrast with previous work, no correlation was observed between retinal structure and the volume of hippocampus or V1 in AD patients in our study, probably because most of the patients included in this study were mild-to-moderate AD patients, and the sample size was relatively small.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Correlation between retinal structure and brain multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Hao

Zhang²,

Jiao³

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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BackgroundThe retina imaging and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can both reflect early changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may serve as potential biomarker for early diagnosis, but their correlation and the internal mechanism of retinal structural changes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible correlation between retinal structure and visual pathway, brain structure, intrinsic activity changes in AD patients, as well as to build a classification model to identify AD patients.MethodsIn the study, 49 AD patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Retinal images were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Multimodal MRI sequences of all subjects were collected. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were used to assess the correlation between OCT parameters and multimodal MRI findings. The diagnostic value of combination of retinal imaging and brain multimodal MRI was assessed by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsCompared with HCs, retinal thickness and multimodal MRI findings of AD patients were significantly altered (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were presented between the fractional anisotropy (FA) value of optic tract and mean retinal thickness, macular volume, macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness in AD patients (p < 0.01). The fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) value of primary visual cortex (V1) was correlated with temporal quadrant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness (p < 0.05). The model combining thickness of GCL and temporal quadrant pRNFL, volume of hippocampus and lateral geniculate nucleus, and age showed the best performance to identify AD patients [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.936, sensitivity = 89.1%, specificity = 87.0%].ConclusionOur study demonstrated that retinal structure change was related to the loss of integrity of white matter fiber tracts in the visual pathway and the decreased LGN volume and functional metabolism of V1 in AD patients. Trans-synaptic axonal retrograde lesions may be the underlying mechanism. Combining retinal imaging and multimodal MRI may provide new insight into the mechanism of retinal structural changes in AD and may serve as new target for early auxiliary diagnosis of AD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Correlation between retinal structure and brain multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Hao

Zhang²,

Jiao³

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Both the macular RNFL thickness and hippocampal volume show a significant decrease in the order of normal subjects, MCI patients, and AD patients, and the macular RNFL thickness showed a significant correlation with hippocampal volume. Another similar study performed by Carazo-Barrios et al (2021) revealed that the mean RNFL thickness of left temporal quadrants was significantly correlated with the number of occipital white matter lesions. None of the aforementioned cross-sectional studies could dynamically describe these parameters such that further longitudinal studies are needed.…”

Section: Optical Coherence Tomography (Oct)mentioning

confidence: 67%

The Progress of Label-Free Optical Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease Screening and Diagnosis

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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As the major neurodegenerative disease of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has caused an enormous social and economic burden on society. Currently, AD has neither clear pathogenesis nor effective treatments. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been verified as potential tools for diagnosing and monitoring Alzheimer’s disease. However, the high costs, low spatial resolution, and long acquisition time limit their broad clinical utilization. The gold standard of AD diagnosis routinely used in research is imaging AD biomarkers with dyes or other reagents, which are unsuitable for in vivo studies owing to their potential toxicity and prolonged and costly process of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for human use. Furthermore, these exogenous reagents might bring unwarranted interference to mechanistic studies, causing unreliable results. Several label-free optical imaging techniques, such as infrared spectroscopic imaging (IRSI), Raman spectroscopic imaging (RSI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), optical harmonic generation imaging (OHGI), etc., have been developed to circumvent this issue and made it possible to offer an accurate and detailed analysis of AD biomarkers. In this review, we present the emerging label-free optical imaging techniques and their applications in AD, along with their potential and challenges in AD diagnosis.

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“…Carazo-Barrios et al (12) showed a relationship between macular RNFL thickness and WM hyperintensities in the occipital region. Jorge et al (3) used MRI and PET with [11C]-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) tracer and found a correlation between the retinal inner plexiform layer and primary visual cortex (V1), which also showed greater Aβ deposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the retina can be considered "a window through the brain" (14). Patients with AD can suffer from visual deterioration early in the disease, involving decreased visual acuity, abnormal pupillary reaction, or color perception impairment (12,15). Accordingly, retinal examination using optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been proposed to investigate changes associated with AD (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain alterations have been found on neuroimaging with MRI and positron emission tomography (PET), as well as changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (5,7,8), changes that are believed to begin 15-20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms of dementia (9)(10)(11). These biomarkers should allow new treatment strategies to be implemented in early stages of the disease before the damage becomes irreversible (10,12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Neurodegeneration Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography and Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review

Carazo-Barrios¹,

Cabrera-Maestre²,

Alba‐Linero³

et al. 2022

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled several retinal alterations to be detected in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), alterations that could be potential biomarkers. However, the relationship between the retina and other biomarkers of AD has been underresearched. We gathered and analyzed the literature about the relationship between retinal and cerebral alterations detected via neuroimaging in patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and preclinical AD.Methods:This systematic review followed the PRISMA Statement guidelines through the 27 items on its checklist. We searched in PubMed, BVS, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, using the keywords: Alzheimer's disease, optical coherence tomography, white matter, cortex, atrophy, cortical thickness, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. We included articles that studied the retina in relation to neuroimaging in patients with AD, MCI, and preclinical AD. We excluded studies without OCT, without neuroimaging, clinical cases, opinion articles, systematic reviews, and animal studies.Results:Of a total of 35 articles found, 23 were finally included. Although mixed results were found, most of these corroborate the relationship between retinal and brain disorders.Conclusions:More rigorous research is needed in the field, including homogenized, longitudinal, and prolonged follow-up studies, as well as studies that include all stages of AD. This will enable better understanding of the retina and its implications in AD, leading to the discovery of retinal biomarkers that reflect brain alterations in AD patients in an accessible and noninvasive manner.

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Correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and white matter lesions in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Correlation between retinal structure and brain multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Correlation between retinal structure and brain multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

The Progress of Label-Free Optical Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease Screening and Diagnosis

Retinal Neurodegeneration Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography and Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review

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