Correlation Between Release of Individual Free Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue.

Spitzer, John J.; Nakamura, Haruki; Gold, Martin; Altschuler, Henry; Lieberson, M.

doi:10.3181/00379727-122-31381

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the alterations we observed in the relationship between the fatty acid R a profile and the distribution of fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue TG during conditions that stimulated and inhibited hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated lipolysis, suggest that the hormones that regulate lipolysis of adipose tissue TG do not regulate lipolysis of lipid present in this other depot. The kinetic data from the present study help explain the metabolic mechanism responsible for the discrepancy between plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid concentrations observed by Spitzer and colleagues (26,27) Ͼ35 years ago.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

What Does the Measurement of Whole-Body Fatty Acid Rate of Appearance in Plasma by Using a Fatty Acid Tracer Really Mean?

et al. 2003

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We evaluated the validity of using a single fatty acid tracer to assess total plasma long-chain free fatty acid (FFA) kinetics and the relationship between the rate of appearance (R a ) of fatty acids in plasma and the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglyceride (TG A dipose tissue triglycerides (TGs) are the major endogenous source of fuel in humans. The mobilization of this fuel store involves the hydrolysis of TGs and the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the bloodstream. Although adequate availability of plasma FFA is critical for normal function and survival, excessive FFA release into plasma can have adverse medical effects by increasing hepatic glucose production (1,2), decreasing insulin-mediated glucose disposal (1,2), and stimulating VLDL-TG production (3). Therefore, understanding FFA kinetics has important physiological and clinical implications.Fatty acid kinetics are usually determined by assessing the dilution of a labeled fatty acid tracer that is infused into the bloodstream. It is assumed that the dilution of the fatty acid tracer in plasma is predominantly caused by entry of unlabelled fatty acids released by hydrolysis of adipose tissue TG. The rate of appearance (R a ) of a single fatty acid in plasma is often used to estimate total FFA kinetics, by dividing the individual fatty acid R a by the relative contribution of this fatty acid to total plasma FFA concentration (4 -6). This extrapolation assumes that the R a of the fatty acid being traced is representative of the release of other fatty acids from adipose tissue and that the relative concentration of this fatty acid in plasma represents its relative release rate from adipose tissue. Data from studies conducted in isolated adipocytes and in regional subcutaneous adipose tissue suggest that the relative rate of release of specific fatty acids from adipose tissue into plasma is influenced by fatty acid structure (7-14). However, the relationship between whole-body systemic fatty acid kinetics and adipose tissue fatty acid composition is not known. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether a single fatty acid tracer provides a reliable estimate of total plasma FFA kinetics and whether the systemic release of individual fatty acids into plasma reflects fatty acid composition in adipose tissue TG in human subjects during different physiological conditions. We measured the R a of five fatty acids (myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleate) into plasma, using stable isotope-labeled tracer methods, in the basal postabsorptive state and during conditions that stimulate (epinephrine infusion) and inhibit (insulin infusion) lipolysis of adipose tissue TG. Adipose tissue TG fatty acid composition was determined in biopsy samples from upper (abdominal) and lower (gluteal) subcutaneous fat depots. We hypothesized that the accuracy of estimating total FFA R a with a single fatty acid tracer and the relationship between the R a of individual fatty acids and adipose tissue TG fatty acid composition depends on t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

What Does the Measurement of Whole-Body Fatty Acid Rate of Appearance in Plasma by Using a Fatty Acid Tracer Really Mean?

et al. 2003

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“…The idea of a selective release of free fatty acids (FFA) from adipose tissue has already been proposed, but no strong evidence has yet been reported to support the hypothesis. All previous in vitro and in vivo studies support the idea of either a selective metabolism (Hollenberg & Angel, 1963;Hunter et al 1970) or, on the contrary, a random process (Stein & Stein, 1962;Spitzer et al 1966;Hudgins & Hirsch, 1991). It should be noted that all the studies conducted to date were based only on the comparison of four to eight fatty acids with chain length and unsaturation ranging from C 14 to C 18 and from zero to three double bonds respectively, which might account for the fact that rather inconsistent conclusions have been drawn from the results.…”

Section: Selectivity Of Individual Fatty Acid Storage and Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Selectivity of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and gene expression

Raclot¹,

Oudart²

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Triacylglycerols represent the main form of storage for a wide spectrum of fatty acids. Their utilization first involves mobilization from adipose tissue through lipolysis. The release of individual fatty acids from adipose tissue is selective in vitro and in vivo in animal studies and also in human subjects. Generally, fatty acids are more readily mobilized from fat cells when they are short-chain and unsaturated. This selectivity could affect the storage of individual fatty acids in adipose tissue, and their subsequent supply to tissues. The nature of the dietary fats could affect lipid homeostasis and body fat deposition. Dietary fish oil influences adipose tissue development in a site-specific manner as a function of diet and feeding period. A diet high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) results in a preferential partitioning of ingested energy towards oxidation at the expense of storage. Fatty acids are important mediators of gene expression in the liver. Indeed, genes encoding both glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes and key metabolic enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation are regulated by dietary PUFA. White adipose tissue could also be a target for PUFA control of gene expression. The treatment of pre-adipose cells by fatty acids induces the expression of numerous genes that encode proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism. The mechanisms of PUFA-mediated repression of gene expression in adipocytes seem to be different, at least partly, from those described in liver. Tissue-specific and site-specific factors are possibly involved in the specific effect of PUFA on gene expression, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded.

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“…The composition of the FA pool released from adipocytes and transported via circulation to other tissues is determined by the diet and nutritional state of the individual [4]. Traditionally, FA release was considered to be either a random [5] or a selective process [6] aiming to preserve the biologically valuable, essential FA. In studies on laboratory rats Rattus norvegicus [4], rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus [7] and humans [8] it was demonstrated that FA mobilization is selective and its efficiency is related to the structure of FA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Seasonal Fatty Acid Accumulation and Mobilization in the Wild Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

Mustonen

Asikainen

Aho

et al. 2007

Lipids

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Previous studies on laboratory rodents, rabbits and humans have demonstrated that fatty acid (FA) mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT) is selective and its efficiency is related to FA structure. Selective FA mobilization was also documented in a carnivore, the farmed raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), fasted for 8 weeks. The present study explored whether similar selectivity of FA mobilization was manifested in wild mammals experiencing seasonal food scarcity and abundance. Fractional mobilization from and incorporation into WAT of a wide spectrum of FA were studied by gas-liquid chromatography from the subcutaneous WAT of free-ranging raccoon dogs with the same individuals sampled in consecutive seasons. The wintertime FA mobilization was selective and mostly confirmed the patterns of FA release in captivity. Mobilization correlated inversely with the FA chain length but increased with unsaturation and when the first double bond was located closer to the methyl end. 18-20 C n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and 14-17 C monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were preferentially mobilized while 19-24 C saturated FA and MUFA were preserved during wintering. The summertime FA incorporation correlated inversely with the chain length and increased with unsaturation and in MUFA and PUFA with double bonds closer to the methyl end. The principles of selective FA mobilization were valid in wild mammals. FA incorporation was also selective and reversed the wintertime losses of the preferably mobilized FA.

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Correlation Between Release of Individual Free Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue.

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

What Does the Measurement of Whole-Body Fatty Acid Rate of Appearance in Plasma by Using a Fatty Acid Tracer Really Mean?

What Does the Measurement of Whole-Body Fatty Acid Rate of Appearance in Plasma by Using a Fatty Acid Tracer Really Mean?

Selectivity of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and gene expression

Selective Seasonal Fatty Acid Accumulation and Mobilization in the Wild Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

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