Correlation between prognosis and degree of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the oral cavity

Kalnins, Inars; Leonard, Alan G.; Sako, Kumao; Razack, Mohamed S.; Shedd, Donald P.

doi:10.1016/0002-9610(77)90376-2

Cited by 214 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, the current study is the first study of patients with SCCOT to compare clinical outcomes with respect to clinical and pathologic lymph node stages. Statistically significant differences in survival were found for both cN0 -N2 and pN0 -pN2 stages, although the differences in pathologic staging reached a higher level of statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparity in pathologic and clinical lymph node staging in oral tongue carcinoma

Greenberg

Naggar

et al. 2003

Cancer

164

116

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At present, storage capacities of single tank and tank farm have been greatly increasing. This change poses a real challenge for the applicability of current design standards. This article focuses on the applicability of safety spacing between tanks, which is one of the most important parameters of tank farm safety design. Taking PHAST and FDS as main research tools, the consequences of representative accidental scenarios were evaluated for different sizes of oil tanks to study the safety performance change caused by the increase of capability. The research results show that, when current standards are used to design the safety spacing between tanks, the safety performance increases as the capability increases. Considering the high property density, it is suggested that a higher safety performance objective has to be chosen when designing the safety spacing for ultra‐large oil tanks. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Survival decreases by 50% with the presence of regional lymphadenopathy. 1 Myers et al 5 demonstrated significantly worse survival rates and higher recurrence rates in SCCOT patients with advanced lymph node disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity in pathologic and clinical lymph node staging in oral tongue carcinoma

Greenberg

Naggar

et al. 2003

Cancer

164

116

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“…By advances in surgery and radiation therapy, the 5-year survival rate for oropharyngeal cancer has increased to 66%, but the rate is still unsatisfactory in comparison with some other site cancers including prostate, thyroid and breast; the rates of these types of cancer are >90% (1). A primary cause for the unfavorable prognosis is patient death from the cancer metastasized at regional and distant sites (2)(3)(4)(5). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral and oropharyngeal malignancies in the United States and tongue is a common site of the malignant diseases (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of active MMP release and invasive activity of lymph node metastatic tongue cancer cells by elevated signaling via the TNF-α-TNFR1-NF-κB pathway and a possible involvement of angiopoietin-like 4 in lung metastasis

Tanaka

Imamura

Yoneda

et al. 2016

International Journal of Oncology

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Abstract.To study the role of TNF-α in tongue cancer metastasis, we made highly metastatic cells from a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SAS) by repeating the passage in which the cells were injected into a nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized cervical lymph nodes. Cancer cells after 5 passages (GSAS/N5) increased invasive activity 7-fold in a TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent manner and enhanced mRNA expression of TNF-α and TNFR1. In the highly metastatic cells, NF-κB activation was upregulated via elevated phosphorylation of Akt and Ikkα/β in the signaling pathway and secretion of TNF-α, active MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased. Suppression of increase of TNF-α mRNA expression and MMP secretion by NF-κB inhibitor NBD peptide suggested a positive feedback loop in GSAS/N5 cells; TNF-α activates NF-κB and activated NF-κB induces further TNF-α secretion, leading to increase of active MMP release and promotion of invasion and metastasis of the cells. GSAS/N5 cells that had been injected into the nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized lungs multiplied angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) expression with enhanced migration activity, which indicated a possible involvement of Angptl4 in lung metastasis of the cells. These results suggest that TNF-α and Angptl4 promote metastasis of the oral cancer cells, thus, these molecules may be therapeutic targets for patients with tongue cancer. IntroductionThe American Cancer Society estimated 45,780 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer, and 8,650 deaths from these tumors, in 2015 in the United States (1). By advances in surgery and radiation therapy, the 5-year survival rate for oropharyngeal cancer has increased to 66%, but the rate is still unsatisfactory in comparison with some other site cancers including prostate, thyroid and breast; the rates of these types of cancer are >90% (1). A primary cause for the unfavorable prognosis is patient death from the cancer metastasized at regional and distant sites (2-5). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral and oropharyngeal malignancies in the United States and tongue is a common site of the malignant diseases (6,7). The rate of nodal metastasis is higher in tongue cancer patients than oral cavity cancer patients whose rate is 30% on their initial evaluation (8,9). Several studies have shown a high rate of occult nodal metastasis (20-40%) in tongue SCC patients with no evidence of regional spread on clinical or radiographic evaluation (8,10-15). There is a tendency that tongue cancer increases in young females in recent 2-3 decades (16-18). Thus, metastasis suppression is a main and urgent subject in the treatments of patients with tongue SCC.The process of metastasis is complex and involves tumor growth, the extra-cellular matrix breakdown, invasion to the vessels, escape from immune surveillance, transport to other sites with adhesion to the vessel, subsequent invasion into an organ where tumor cells proliferate, grow and spread. Various molecules participate in the pr...

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“…The presence of cervical lymph node metastases is an important prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as this significantly worsens the treatment outcome [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Radiological imaging plays an increasingly important role in accurate assessment of the lymph node status of the neck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy and additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of malignant cervical lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2009

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Introduction The aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging for detection of malignant lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Two hundred nineteen lymph nodes, predominantly smaller than 10 mm (95.4%), in 16 consecutive patients were evaluated at 1.5 T. Lymph nodes were evaluated for maximum short axial diameter, morphological criteria, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (b=0 and b=1,000 s/mm 2 ). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values as well as diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) and areas under the curves (AUCs) of ROC curves were calculated for the various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria individually and in combination. Histological examination of lymph nodes in the neck dissection specimen was the gold standard to determine malignant involvement. Results The optimal ADC threshold was 1.0×10 −3 mm 2 /s. Using this cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 83.9%, respectively. When used in combination with size and morphological criteria, ADC value <1.0× 10 −3 mm 2 /s was the strongest predictor of presence of metastasis (DOR=97.6). A model which added ADC values to the other MRI criteria performed significantly better than a model without ADC values: AUC=0.98 versus AUC=0.91 (p=0.036). Conclusion In this study, with predominantly small lymph nodes, the ADC criterion is the strongest independent predictor of presence of metastasis. The use of ADC values in combination with the other MRI criteria significantly improves the discrimination between malignant and benign lymph nodes.

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Correlation between prognosis and degree of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the oral cavity

Cited by 214 publications

References 10 publications

Disparity in pathologic and clinical lymph node staging in oral tongue carcinoma

Disparity in pathologic and clinical lymph node staging in oral tongue carcinoma

Enhancement of active MMP release and invasive activity of lymph node metastatic tongue cancer cells by elevated signaling via the TNF-α-TNFR1-NF-κB pathway and a possible involvement of angiopoietin-like 4 in lung metastasis

Diagnostic accuracy and additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of malignant cervical lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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