Correlation between Pertussis Toxin IgG Antibodies in Postvaccination Sera and Subsequent Protection against Pertussis

Taranger, J; Trollfors, Birger; Lagergård, Teresa; Sundh, Valter; Bryla, Dolores A.; Schneerson, Rachel; Robbins, John B.

doi:10.1086/315318

Cited by 165 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Pertactin (P.69) and pertussis toxin (PT) are important virulence factors of B. pertussis, and previous studies have suggested that antibodies to pertactin and PT are significant in protection against pertussis infection (8,21,24). It may therefore be expected that these two proteins will be under selective evolutionary pressure, and polymorphism in nucleic acid sequence has been demonstrated in the genes coding for pertactin (prnA) and the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (ptxA) (3,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation in the Bordetella pertussis Virulence Factors Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin in Historical and Recent Clinical Isolates in the United Kingdom

Fry¹,

Neal²,

Harrison³

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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The reemergence of pertussis has been reported in several countries despite high vaccination coverage. Studies in The Netherlands and Finland have investigated polymorphism in the genes coding for two important virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, pertactin and pertussis toxin, and identified the emergence and subsequent dominance in circulating strains of pertactin and toxin variants not found in the whole-cell vaccine (WCV). The study described here investigated whether such variation had occurred in the United Kingdom, which presently has low levels of pertussis. Sequence analysis of the genes for pertactin (prnA) and the pertussis toxin S1 subunit (ptxA) among isolates of B. pertussis from 285 United Kingdom patients, from 1920 to 1999, revealed three prnA variants, prnA(1), prnA(2), and prnA(3), and two ptxA variants, ptxA(1) and ptxA(2), showing differences in nucleic acid sequence. The proportion of pertactin gene types not included in the United Kingdom WCV, i.e., prnA(2) and prnA(3), has increased in recent years and was found in 21 of 86 (24%) strains from the 1980s and 56 of 105 (53%) strains from the 1990s. To date, the presence of these nonvaccine prnA types has not been associated with a resurgence of pertussis in the United Kingdom. The distribution of prnA and ptxA types in The Netherlands, Finland, and the United Kingdom in the 1990s is distinct. The most striking difference in the United Kingdom isolates is that all 105 of the most recent circulating strains (from 1998 to 1999) are of a pertussis toxin type found in the United Kingdom WCV, i.e

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation in the Bordetella pertussis Virulence Factors Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin in Historical and Recent Clinical Isolates in the United Kingdom

Fry¹,

Neal²,

Harrison³

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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“…Therefore, protection correlates with antibodies not only against pertussis toxin (PT), but also against pertactin and fimbrial hemagglutinins. The exact level of each of these antibodies that is protective is controversial, and in any case, there is no absolute threshold, but 5 to 10 units of ELISA antibodies to PT have been proposed as an important benchmark (25,173,174,180).…”

Section: Toxin-producing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Plotkin

2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

1,407

1,158

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This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current vaccines work through antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or bacteremia/viremia and thus provide a correlate of protection. The functional characteristics of antibodies, as well as quantity, are important. Antibody may be highly correlated with protection or synergistic with other functions. Immune memory is a critical correlate: effector memory for short-incubation diseases and central memory for long-incubation diseases. Cellular immunity acts to kill or suppress intracellular pathogens and may also synergize with antibody. For some vaccines, we have no true correlates, but only useful surrogates, for an unknown protective response.

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“…36 Of these children, 126 were exposed to pertussis in their households and therefore can be considered to have sustained a maximal exposure to B pertussis. The median concentration of IgG anti-pertussis toxin was 79 U/mL in those with severe pertussis (Ն21 days of paroxysmal cough), 156 U/mL in those with mild pertussis (Ͻ21 days of paroxysmal coughing), and 246 U/mL in those who did not develop pertussis (79 vs 246; P Ͻ .0001).…”

Section: Correlation Between Serum Pertussis Toxin Igg Antibodies Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Pertussis re-emerged in Sweden with a cumulative incidence of about 60% during the first 10 years of life, when the locally produced cellular vaccine lost its efficacy around 1970 and general vaccination was discontinued in 1979. The epidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of pertussis and a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine were studied in Gö teborg, Sweden.After phase 1 and 2 studies, a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of pertussis toxoid (PTox), compounded with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, was administered to 3450 children according to the Swedish schedule at 3, 5, and 12 months of age. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, the efficacy was 71% overall and 75% in household contacts, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of PTox-induced antibodies and protection against pertussis. As observed with cellular and with multicomponent acellular vaccines, PTox reduced the severity of disease and the percent of children with positive cultures. Furthermore, vaccination reduced the transmission of Bordetella pertussis to household contacts in the vaccinees compared with the controls who received only diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Patients with culture-verified Bordetella parapertussis infection reacted with antibodies to pertactin and to filamentous hemagglutinin but not to pertussis toxin, and some subsequently developed pertussis. The antibody responses of patients with pertussis to the surface polysaccharides of B pertussis and to B parapertussis were cross-reactive serologically. Serosurveys showed that only antibodies to pertussis toxin were related to the occurrence of pertussis in the general population: antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin were probably stimulated by antigens of other bacteria as well as Bordetellae.Mass vaccination of Gö teborg children born in the 1990s was started in 1995. In February 1999, about 55% had been vaccinated and both B pertussis and pertussis decreased significantly in individuals of all ages (herd immunity). Similar to diphtheria, PTox-induced immunity to pertussis occurs both on an individual and community basis.The apparent greater efficacy of multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccines compared with monocomponent PTox was proposed to be an artifact created when the diagnosis of pertussis was made by the serologic criteria of the World Health Organization only. Our conclusion is that PTox is both an essential and alone sufficient antigen in acellular pertussis vaccines. Pediatrics 2001; 108(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 108/6/e115; pertussis, pertussis toxoid, vaccine.

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Correlation between Pertussis Toxin IgG Antibodies in Postvaccination Sera and Subsequent Protection against Pertussis

Cited by 165 publications

References 26 publications

Genotypic Variation in the Bordetella pertussis Virulence Factors Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin in Historical and Recent Clinical Isolates in the United Kingdom

Genotypic Variation in the Bordetella pertussis Virulence Factors Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin in Historical and Recent Clinical Isolates in the United Kingdom

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

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