Correlation between motor and cognitive functions in the progressive course of Parkinson's disease

Murakami, Hidetomo; Owan, Yoshiyuki; Mori, Yoshio; Fujita, Kazuhisa; Futamura, Akinori; Sugimoto, Azusa; Kobayakawa, Mutsutaka; Kezuka, Machiko; Midorikawa, Akira; Kawamura, Mitsuru

doi:10.1111/ncn3.53

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recent imaging studies show executive function is linked with the basal ganglia, and both gait and cognitive impairments share cortical and subcortical damage . Correlating motor and executive dysfunctions are thought to share a common pathophysiology linked to cortical‐subcortical circuits, and emerge simultaneously . It is possible that performance on the Modified Six Elements Test might be influenced by motor impairment in PD, but we do not believe so.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Common executive assessment tasks were used in these studies. For example, word fluency, Stroop test, Trail Making Test and FAB . Our own study, which only included PD patients with a high MMSE score of 25 or above, showed that only the Zoo Map Test and the Modified Six Elements Test correlated with general motor function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies, including PD patients with a wider range of cognitive levels than in our own study, show a correlation between general motor functions with executive function. 4,9 These patients had a MMSE score of [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]4 or PD, PD with mild cognitive impairment, or PD with dementia. 9 Common executive assessment tasks were used in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to functional continuity between the basal ganglia and frontal cortex in performance of executive functions . Correlation between executive deficits and motor symptoms is possibly linked to impairment of the fronto‐striate circuit . In the aforementioned studies, executive function was assessed using common assessment batteries such as the Stroop test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, verbal fluency, the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and others .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Correlation between executive deficits and motor symptoms is possibly linked to impairment of the fronto-striate circuit. 9 In the aforementioned studies, executive function was assessed using common assessment batteries such as the Stroop test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, verbal fluency, the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and others. [3][4][5][6] However, we believe such standard cognitive assessment tests might be insensitive to executive deficits experienced in daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Six Elements Test: Earlier diagnosis of the correlation between motor and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Murakami

Owan

Oguchi

et al. 2015

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Background In patients with Parkinson's disease, executive deficits are known to correlate with motor dysfunctions, such as gait and postural instability. However executive deficits are sometimes difficult to detect using common frontal assessment batteries. Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome includes six subtests to evaluate different aspects of executive function required in daily life. Among these the Modified Six Elements Test examines higher levels of executive function with regard to prospective memory and organization of behavior. Aim Using Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome we examined which types of executive dysfunction correlate with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease without apparent dementia. Methods A total of 54 Parkinson's disease patients with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores over 24 were assessed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (total score of parts II and III as general motor function, subscores of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance and postural instability) for motor assessment, and both the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (total raw score of all subtests and subscores of each of the 6 subtests) and Frontal Assessment Battery for executive function. Correlation coefficients for executive and motor assessments were compared. Results Among the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome subtests, the Modified Six Elements Test showed the strongest correlation with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale subscore of gait disturbance, but did not correlate with patient background factors, such as age. Conclusion Even in Parkinson's disease without apparent dementia, deficits in complex executive functions, such as prospective memory and organization of behavior, correlate with motor dysfunctions, especially gait. We believe the Modified Six Elements Test is useful to evaluate early executive deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modified Six Elements Test: Earlier diagnosis of the correlation between motor and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Murakami

Owan

Oguchi

et al. 2015

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Postural stability during standing and its association with physical and cognitive functions in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients

2019

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Purpose Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by poor physical function. A possible factor may be aberrant changes to balance and postural stability (i.e. ability to maintain centre of pressure (COP)). Previous research has exclusively focused on patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT). The current study investigated postural stability in a group of CKD patients not requiring RRT. Methods 30 CKD patients (aged 57.0 ± 17.8 years, 47% female, mean eGFR 42.9 ± 27.2 ml/kg/1.73 m 2 ) underwent a series of physical function assessments including the sit-to-stand-5 and -60, incremental shuttle walk test, gait speed, and short physical performance battery. Postural stability (defined as total COP ellipse (mm 2 ) displacement) was measured using the Fysiometer board. Control reference data were provided by the manufacture. Cognitive function was assessed using the ‘Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic’ (MOCA-B)’. Results CKD patients had poorer postural stability during quiet standing than reference values across all age categories (≤ 39 years, 24.9 ± 11.3 vs. 10.4 ± 1.8 mm 2 ; 40–59 years, 34.3 ± 19.0 vs. 17.7 ± 6.2 mm 2 ; ≥ 60 years, 39.7 ± 21.2 vs. 16.8 ± 2.9 mm 2 , all comparisons P < 0.001). Reductions in postural stability were associated with both physical and cognitive functioning. In females only, postural stability worsened with declining renal function ( r = − 0.790, P < 0.01). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first and largest experimental report concerning measurement of postural stability of CKD patients not requiring RRT. Our findings suggest that postural stability is associated with worse physical and cognitive functioning in this patient group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11255-019-02192-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Nonmotor symptoms associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Radlicka

Jabłońska

Lenarczyk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by three main motor symptoms: bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. PD is also associated with diverse nonmotor symptoms that may develop in parallel or precede motor dysfunctions, ranging from autonomic system dysfunctions and impaired sensory perception to cognitive deficits and depression. Here, we examine the role of the progressive loss of dopaminergic transmission in behaviors related to the nonmotor symptoms of PD in a mouse model of the disease (the TIF IADATCreERT2 strain). We found that in the period from 5 to 12 weeks after the induction of a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, mild motor symptoms became detectable, including changes in the distance between paws while standing as well as the step cadence and sequence. Male mutant mice showed no apparent changes in olfactory acuity, no anhedonia-like behaviors, and normal learning in an instrumental task; however, a pronounced increase in the number of operant responses performed was noted. Similarly, female mice with progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration showed normal learning in the probabilistic reversal learning task and no loss of sweet-taste preference, but again, a robustly higher number of choices were performed in the task. In both males and females, the higher number of instrumental responses did not affect the accuracy or the fraction of rewarded responses. Taken together, these data reveal discrete, dopamine-dependent nonmotor symptoms that emerge in the early stages of dopaminergic neuron degeneration.

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Correlation between motor and cognitive functions in the progressive course of Parkinson's disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Modified Six Elements Test: Earlier diagnosis of the correlation between motor and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Modified Six Elements Test: Earlier diagnosis of the correlation between motor and executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease without dementia

Postural stability during standing and its association with physical and cognitive functions in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients

Nonmotor symptoms associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

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