Correlation between monkeypox viral load and infectious virus in clinical specimens

Lim, Chuan Kok; McKenzie, Charlene; Deerain, Joshua M.; Chow, Eric P F; Towns, Janet M; Chen, Marcus Y; Fairley, Christopher K; Tran, Thomas; Williamson, Deborah A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105421

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Available epidemiological information suggested that 50.0% (28/56) of individuals acquired their MPXV infection within Australia, whereas 39.2% (22/56) acquired their infection overseas; for a subset of individuals (10.7%; 6/56), the location of infection was unknown. Cycle threshold ( C t ) values were used to approximate viral load from these samples, with C t values being significantly lower ( p < 0.0001) in samples from lesions (skin, anorectal, and genital), compared with oral, nasopharyngeal, or other (blood, urine) samples (Supporting Information: Figure ) 19 . There was also a significant correlation ( R = 0.67, p < 0.0001) between sample C t value and consensus genome completeness relating to that sample (Supporting Information: Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐ and interhost genomic diversity of monkeypox virus

Taouk

Steinig

Taiaroa

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The impact and frequency of infectious disease outbreaks demonstrate the need for timely genomic surveillance to inform public health responses. In the largest known outbreak of mpox, genomic surveillance efforts have primarily focused on high‐incidence nations in Europe and the Americas, with a paucity of data from South‐East Asia and the Western Pacific. Here we analyzed 102 monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes sampled from 56 individuals in Melbourne, Australia. All genomes fell within the 2022 MPXV outbreak lineage (B.1), with likely onward local transmission detected. We observed within‐host diversity and instances of co‐infection, and highlight further examples of structural variation and apolipoprotein B editing complex‐driven micro‐evolution in the current MPXV outbreak. Updating our understanding of MPXV emergence and diversification will inform public health measures and enable monitoring of the virus’ evolutionary trajectory throughout the mpox outbreak.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐ and interhost genomic diversity of monkeypox virus

Taouk

Steinig

Taiaroa

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…To date, the detection of mpox DNA in semen, especially at high viral load, suggests the potential for infectivity in cell culture. 8,9 However, it is important to underline that both viral DNA detection and cell culture may not directly lead to clinical transmission. 10,11 Furthermore, the infectious period can be shorter than expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide useful epidemiological information, it is of value estimating the infectivity of semen during the weeks following diagnosis. To date, the detection of mpox DNA in semen, especially at high viral load, suggests the potential for infectivity in cell culture 8,9 . However, it is important to underline that both viral DNA detection and cell culture may not directly lead to clinical transmission 10,11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous recommendation of condom use for 12 weeks after recovery has also been revised. Although several studies have reported the viral DNA detection in semen, 4,[7][8][9][10] it is still uncertain whether it may represent a viral reservoir. The aim of our study was to evaluate the DNA clearance in semen samples of people with mpox infection over a follow-up of 6 months from the first positive test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mpox DNA clearance in semen over 6‐month follow‐up

Candela,

Galli,

Rizzo

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Sexual intercourse is a well‐established way of transmission of mpox infection. However, it is still uncertain whether semen may represent a viral reservoir. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clearance of viral DNA in semen samples from individuals diagnosed with mpox infection over 6‐month follow‐up. This prospective, observational, single‐center study was conducted at IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, between May and October 2022 in 140 individuals who attended Sexual Health Clinic and diagnosed with mpox infection. Semen samples were collected and analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. The baseline collection was performed in 64 (46%) of 140 men diagnosed with mpox infection. The viral DNA was detected in 43 (67%) with median cycle threshold (Ct) 34 (interquartile range [IQR] 31–36). The research was repeated in 32 (74%) and viral DNA clearance was observed in all within 6 months in a median time of 10.5 days (IQR 7–33). Viral clearance occurred in all tested individuals, mostly within 2 weeks since the first positive test. These findings suggest a transient presence of viral DNA in semen and do not support the hypothesis of reservoir. More studies on mpox DNA detection in semen with viral culture and extended follow‐up are needed.

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“…The initial occurrence of monkeypox in animals and humans was reported in 1958 and 1970, respectively [2]. A global epidemic of MPXV in May 2022 resulted in more than 85,000 cases across regions with no history of transmission [3]. Also, over 30,000 cases of MPXV had been reported in the US as of March 2023 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirals for Monkeypox Virus: Proposing an Effective Machine/Deep Learning Framework

Hashemi,

Zabihian,

Hajsaeedi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Monkeypox is one of the infectious viruses which caused morbidity and mortality problems in these years. Despite its danger to public health, there is no approved drug to stand and handle Monkeypox. On the other hand, drug repurposing is a promising screening method for the low-cost introduction of approved drugs for emerging diseases and viruses which utilizes computational methods. Therefore, drug repurposing is a promising approach to suggesting approved drugs for the monkeypox virus. This paper proposes a computational framework for monkeypox antiviral prediction. To do this, we have geenrated a new virus-antiviral dataset. Moreover, we applied several machine learning and one deep learning method for virus-antiviral prediction. The suggested drugs by the learning methods have been investigated using docking studies. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first work to study deep learning methods for the prediction of monkeypox antivirals. The screening results confirm that Tilorone, Valacyclovir, Ribavirin, Favipiravir, and Baloxavir marboxil are effective drugs for monkeypox treatment.

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Correlation between monkeypox viral load and infectious virus in clinical specimens

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Intra‐ and interhost genomic diversity of monkeypox virus

Intra‐ and interhost genomic diversity of monkeypox virus

Mpox DNA clearance in semen over 6‐month follow‐up

Antivirals for Monkeypox Virus: Proposing an Effective Machine/Deep Learning Framework

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