Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Kakasheva-Mazhenkovska, Lena; Basheska, Neli; Crvenkova, Simonida; Petrushevska, Gordana; Milenkova, Liljana; Janevska, Vesna; Serafimoski, Vladimir

doi:10.1515/prilozi-2017-0009

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, the lowest vascular density was found in G1-staged specimens and the highest values were in less differentiated tumors G3. The values were also higher than those measured in healthy skin samples [ 30 ].…”

Section: Literature Search Strategy and Yielded Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

The Immunohistochemical Assessment of Neoangiogenesis Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Their Precursors in the Skin

Daneluzzi

Jafari

Hunger

et al. 2022

JCM

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer. Well-limited forms can be easily treated with excision, but locally advanced cancers can, unfortunately, progress to metastasis. However, it is difficult to establish the prognosis for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its potential to metastasize. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate neoangiogenesis in cSCC, as it plays a major role in the dissemination of neoplasia. A literature review was performed on selected neoangiogenic factors (VEGF, ANG1/2, Notch1, CD31/34/105, EGF, etc.). Most of them, including VEGF, EGFR, and CD105, had more elevated levels in the advanced stages of the lesion. The same is true for Notch1, p53, and TGFβ, which are the most frequently mutated tumor suppressors in this type of skin cancer. In addition, the inhibition of some of these markers, using Ang1 analogs, inhibitors of EGFR, TRAF6, or combined inhibitors of EGFR and IGF-IR, may lead to a decrease in tumor size. In conclusion, this literature review identified diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as possible factors that can be used for the targeted therapy of spinaliomas.

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Section: Literature Search Strategy and Yielded Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

The Immunohistochemical Assessment of Neoangiogenesis Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Their Precursors in the Skin

Daneluzzi

Jafari

Hunger

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Blood vessel density at the invasive front is positively correlated with the progression of cancer invasion 51,52 . We therefore examined the vessel density at the adipo‐BM and hemato‐BM invasive fronts using CD31 staining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood vessel density at the invasive front is positively correlated with the progression of cancer invasion. 51,52 We therefore examined the vessel density at the adipo-BM and hemato-BM invasive fronts using CD31 staining. The adipo-BM and hemato-BM invasive fronts did not differ significantly in the CD31 + vessel count (Figure S6).…”

Section: Stromal Composition Of Invasive Fronts Did Not Affect Cd31 +...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow adipocytes induce cancer‐associated fibroblasts and immune evasion, enhancing invasion and drug resistance

et al. 2023

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Bone metastasis occurs frequently in cancer patients. Conventional therapies have limited therapeutic outcomes, and thus, exploring the mechanisms of cancer progression in bone metastasis is important to develop new effective therapies. In the bone microenvironment, adipocytes are the major stromal cells that interact with cancer cells during bone metastasis. However, the comprehensive functions of bone marrow adipocytes in cancer progression are not yet fully understood. To address this, we investigated the role of bone marrow adipocytes on cancer cells, by focusing on an invasive front that reflects the direct effects of stromal cells on cancer. In comprehensive histopathological and genetic analysis using bone metastasis specimens, we examined invasive fronts in bone metastasis and compared invasive fronts with adipocyte-rich bone marrow (adipo-BM) to those with hematopoietic cell-rich bone marrow (hemato-BM) as a normal counterpart of adipocytes. We found morphological complexity of the invasive front with adipo-BM was significantly higher than that with hemato-BM. Based on immunohistochemistry, the invasive front with adipo-BM comparatively had a significantly increased cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markerpositive area and lower density of CD8 + lymphocytes compared to that with hemato-BM. RNA sequencing analysis of primary and bone metastasis cancer revealed that bone metastasized cancer cells acquired drug resistance-related gene expression phenotypes. Clearly, these findings indicate that bone marrow adipocytes provide a favorable tumor microenvironment for cancer invasion and therapeutic resistance of bone metastasized cancers through CAF induction and immune evasion, providing a potential target for the treatment of bone metastasis.

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“…The density of neovascularization in cSCC is positively correlated with deeper invasions and poorer tumor differentiation. As a result, SCC tumors with high angiogenic activity are classified as aggressive with poor prognosis ( 130 ). Podoplanin represents a potential target for antimetastatic therapy in cSCC.…”

Section: Lymphatic and Blood Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment

2023

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Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific death. cSCC results in up to 15,000 deaths each year in the United States. Until recently, non-surgical options for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC were largely ineffective. With the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, response rates climbed to 50%, representing a vast improvement over chemotherapeutic agents used previously. Herein, we discuss the phenotype and function of SCC associated Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T cells as well as SCC-associated lymphatics and blood vessels. Possible role(s) of SCC-associated cytokines in progression and invasion are reviewed. We also discuss the SCC immune microenvironment in the context of currently available and pipeline therapeutics.

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Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

The Immunohistochemical Assessment of Neoangiogenesis Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Their Precursors in the Skin

The Immunohistochemical Assessment of Neoangiogenesis Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Their Precursors in the Skin

Bone marrow adipocytes induce cancer‐associated fibroblasts and immune evasion, enhancing invasion and drug resistance

Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment

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