Correlation Between 'Lee Index' and Carcass Fat Content in Weanling and Adult Female Rats With Hypothalamic Lesions

Bernardis, Lee L.; Patterson, Brain

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0400527

Cited by 383 publications

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“…This index was calculated by the cube root of body weight (g) ϫ 10/naso-anal length (mm), for which a value Յ0.300 was classified as normal at the month 3 of life. For values Ͼ0.300, the rats were classified as obese (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moraes-Silva IC, Mostarda C, Moreira ED, Silva KAS, dos Santos F, de Angelis K, Farah VMA V, Irigoyen MC. Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development. J Appl Physiol 114: 786 -791, 2013. First published January 17, 2013 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2012.-High fructose consumption contributes to metabolic syndrome incidence, whereas exercise training promotes several beneficial adaptations. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive role of exercise training in the metabolic syndrome derangements in a rat model. Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) or kept sedentary (F) for 10 wk. Control rats treated with normal water were also submitted to exercise training (CT) or sedentarism (C). Metabolic evaluations consisted of the Lee index and glycemia and insulin tolerance test (kITT). Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured, whereas heart rate (HR) and BP variabilities were evaluated in time and frequency domains. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also recorded. F rats presented significant alterations compared with all the other groups in insulin resistance (in mg·dl Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 : F: 3.4 Ϯ 0.2; C: 4.7 Ϯ 0.2; CT: 5.0 Ϯ 0.5 FT: 4.6 Ϯ 0.4), mean BP (in mmHG: F: 117 Ϯ 2; C: 100 Ϯ 2; CT: 98 Ϯ 2; FT: 105 Ϯ 2), and Lee index (in g/mm: F ϭ 0.31 Ϯ 0.001; C ϭ 0.29 Ϯ 0.001; CT ϭ 0.27 Ϯ 0.002; FT ϭ 0.28 Ϯ 0.002), confirming the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Exercise training blunted all these derangements. Additionally, FS group presented autonomic dysfunction in relation to the others, as seen by an ϳ50% decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and 24% in HR variability, and increases in sympathovagal balance (140%) and in renal sympathetic nerve activity (45%). These impairments were not observed in FT group, as well as in C and CT. Correlation analysis showed that both Lee index and kITT were associated with vagal impairment caused by fructose. Therefore, exercise training plays a preventive role in both autonomic and hemodynamic alterations related to the excessive fructose consumption.fructose; exercise training; autonomic nervous system SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that poor eating habits and a large increase in fructose consumption in recent years has contributed to the epidemic of metabolic syndrome (2, 5). These unhealthy habits may result in physiological changes that contribute to a higher morbidity and mortality in humans (14). Among these changes, increase of blood pressure, plasma lipids, obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are the most evident. Additionally, studies have shown an association between these factors as hyperinsulinemia and hypertension, in both humans and animals (10, 21, 36), indicating that once these alterations are present, the higher is the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.Autonomic nervous system dysfunction also accompanies these metabolic disturbances. Our research group has ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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show abstract

“…Then, the visceral fat pads were removed, washed, and weighed, and Lee index (BW (g) 1/3 /nasal-anal length (cm) × 100), which is employed as a predictor of obesity in MSG rodents (Bernardis & Patterson 1968), was calculated. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose and hormone concentrations, including insulin, leptin, and corticosterone concentrations.…”

Section: Animals and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

HPA axis and vagus nervous function are involved in impaired insulin secretion of MSG-obese rats

Miranda

Torrezan

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Neuroendocrine dysfunctions such as the hyperactivity of the vagus nerve and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis greatly contribute to obesity and hyperinsulinemia; however, little is known about these dysfunctions in the pancreatic β-cells of obese individuals. We used a hypothalamic-obesity model obtained by neonatal treatment with monosodiuml-glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity. To assess the role of the HPA axis and vagal tonus in the genesis of hypercorticosteronemia and hyperinsulinemia in an adult MSG-obese rat model, bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAG) alone or combined surgeries (ADX–VAG) were performed. To study glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) and the cholinergic insulinotropic process, pancreatic islets were incubated with different glucose concentrations with or without oxotremorine-M, a selective agonist of the M3muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3AChR) subtype. Protein expression of M3AChR in pancreatic islets, corticosteronemia, and vagus nerve activity was also evaluated. Surgeries reduced 80% of the body weight gain. Fasting glucose and insulin were reduced both by ADX and ADX–VAG, whereas VAG was only associated with hyperglycemia. The serum insulin post-glucose stimulation was lower in all animals that underwent an operation. Vagal activity was decreased by 50% in ADX rats. In the highest glucose concentration, both surgeries reduced GIIS by 50%, whereas ADX-VAG decreased by 70%. Additionally, M3AChR activity was recovered by the individual surgeries. M3AChR protein expression was reduced by ADX. Both the adrenal gland and vagus nerve contribute to the hyperinsulinemia in the MSG model, although adrenal is more crucial as it appears to modulate parasympathetic activity and M3AChR expression in obesity.

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“…When administering GH to growing animals, studies should not be limited to absolute body weight, but should also consider linear growth. Body development during treatment was therefore assessed by calculating the obesity index of Lee [15], which correlates with body composition [16,17]. As a key molecule in thermogenesis, levels of UCP gene expressions in BAT were determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Administration Controls Body Composition Associated with Changes of Thermogenesis in Obese KK-Ay Mice~!2009-08-29~!2010-01-12~!2010-03-26~!

Hioki¹,

Yoshida²,

Kogure³

et al. 2010

TOEJ

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Abstract:We investigate the effects of continuous human growth hormone (GH) therapy in young obese mice on thermogenesis. Female KK-A y obese mice (n=10) were injected subcutaneously with GH (3.5 mg/kg/day) for 30 days from 42 days old. As a control, physiological saline was administered (n=10). At the terminal point (71 days old), GH administration affected linear growth, and the Lee obesity index (3 square root body weight/nasoanal length 1000) was significantly decreased. Rates of inguinal and perimetric white adipose pads per body weight also decreased. Free fatty acid levels decreased, while plasma insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance were increased (P<0.01). Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels markedly rose (P<0.00001). Uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and UCP3 mRNA expressions in brown adipose tissue were inhibited (P<0.05). Continuous GH therapy changed obese body composition toward lean, however, the consequence could be the negative regulation of thermogenesis.

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Correlation Between 'Lee Index' and Carcass Fat Content in Weanling and Adult Female Rats With Hypothalamic Lesions

Cited by 383 publications

References 0 publications

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

HPA axis and vagus nervous function are involved in impaired insulin secretion of MSG-obese rats

Growth Hormone Administration Controls Body Composition Associated with Changes of Thermogenesis in Obese KK-Ay Mice~!2009-08-29~!2010-01-12~!2010-03-26~!

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