Correlation between Irradiation Treatment and Metabolite Changes in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Abstract

The metabolites produced by the larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to different doses of irradiation were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a metabonomic analysis method of irradiated insects based on GC-MS was established. The analysis revealed 67 peaks, of which 23 peaks were identified. The metabolites produced by larvae treated with different irradiation doses were compared by multivariate statistical analysis, and eight differential metabolites were selected. Irradiation seriously influenced the fatty acid metabolic pathway in larvae. Using the R platform combined with the method of multivariate statistical analysis, changes to metabolite production under four irradiation doses given to B. dorsalis larvae were described. Differential metabolites of B. dorsalis larvae carried chemical signatures that indicated irradiation dose, and this method is expected to provide a reference for the detection of irradiated insects.

Development and Metabolomic Profiles of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae Exposed to Phytosanitary Irradiation Dose in Hypoxic Environment Using DI-SPME-GC/MS

“…Following each irradiation treatment, the dosimeter recorded the cumulative dose. The irradiator stopped operation when the cumulative dose reached the minimum dose amount (116 Gy) [ 17 , 21 ]. The dose rate observed in this study was approximately 5.0 Gy/min, with the IR duration lasting about 23.2 min.…”

“…When integrated with GC-MS, SPME significantly elevates the purity, consistency, and sensitivity of samples, surpassing conventional detection methodologies [ 15 , 16 ]. For instance, Liu et al, employed HS-SPME-GC-MS to analyze the metabolic changes in B. dorsalis larvae under different IR doses, and preliminarily provided eight potentially differential metabolites [ 17 ]. Alnajim et al applied DI-SPME-GC-MS to extract and analyze hydrocarbons in the cuticle of both phosphine-resistant and sensitive strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), finding that the substantial presence of hydrocarbons could play a significant role in hindering the entry of phosphine into the bodies of resistant insects [ 18 ].…”

Comparison of fumigation efficacy of methyl bromide alone and phosphine applied either alone or simultaneously or sequentially against Bactrocera correcta in Selenicereus undatus (red pitaya) fruit

“…Approximately 15 days later, eggs were collected by placing perforated plastic cups in the adult cages, and larvae were reared on an artificial diet. All of the stages were reared at 25 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), with a 12 h:12 h, dark:light photoperiod 12 …”

“…All of the stages were reared at 25 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), with a 12 h:12 h, dark:light photoperiod. 12 2.2 Identification of the developmental stage of B. correcta Bactrocera correcta larvae have a pair of ossified mouth hooks that freely contract, which shape and size change at different instar stages (Fig. 1).…”

Comparative Analysis of the Metabolic Profiles of Strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Adults with Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance Based on Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) has been widely recognized as a rapid sample processing technique, especially in the fields of analytical biology, pharmaceuticals, and food research. Compared to traditional detection methods, SPME coupled with GC-MS enhances the purity, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the extracts [19]. However, its primary limitation stems from its interest in volatile and semi-volatile compounds.…”