Correlation between induration diameter of skin prick test result to house dust mite allergen with immunotherapy efficacy

Abstract

Background: House dust mite (HDM) is one of the most aeroallergen causing allergy disease. Skin prick test (SPT) is simple test for hypersensitivity related IgE. Positivity of house dust mite skin prick test result is essential to start immunotherapy.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between induration diameter of skin prick test result to house dust mite allergen with immunotherapy efficacy. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Pediatric allergy and immunology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Medical record was taken from January 1st until December 31st 2020 period. House dust mite allergy was diagnosed based on positivity of skin prick test to HDM. Immunotherapy efficacy was evaluated with daily symptom score (dSS), daily medication score (dMS), and Combined Symptom and Medication Score (CSMS) at least 3 months after immunotherapy. Age, gender, duration of illness, nutritional status, family history of atopic allergic disease, and other allergic comorbidities were stipulated as confounding variable. Statistical analysis were normality distribution test, wilcoxon rank test, spearman test, and regression analysis. Results: Sixty patient of HDM allergy (33 boys and 27 girls), were included in this study. Significant alteration of dSS, dMS, and CSMS before and after immunotherapy evaluated with wilcoxon rank test result (p=0.000 respectively). There was no correlation of each confounding variables to induration diameter of SPT. Positive correlation between induration diameter and CSMS score was tested with Spearman test (p=0.003, r= 0.373). Conclusions: Smaller induration diameter of HDM SPT result could be predictive for immunotherapy efficacy.