Correlation between Hyponatremia and Cluster of Differentiation 4 in Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The proportion of HIV patients with hyponatremia was significantly higher in hospital compared to those without hyponatremia. HIV patients with hyponatremia had significantly lower CD4 cell counts, about twice the HIV viral load and an approximately four-fold higher prevalence. Hyponatremia was positively correlated with a decrease in CD4 cell count. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between hyponatremia and CD4 cells in response to HAART treatment in patients with HIV cerebral toxoplasmosis. METHODS: The design of this study was correlative analytic with retrospective data collection method with secondary data sources obtained from the medical records of HIV-toxoplasma cerebral patients with hyponatremia at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this study. The research started from December 2021 to January 2022. RESULT: This study was conducted on 30 samples of medical records consisting of 24 males and six females with a mean (min-max) age of 36.1 (23–53). There were 28 subjects (83.3%) with an effective response to treatment and two subjects (6.6%) with a less effective response to treatment. There was a significant correlation between hyponatremia and CD4 cells in response to HAART treatment (p < 0.005; r = 0.0462). There was a significant correlation between hyponatremia and CD4 cell count before receiving HAART treatment (p < 0.005; r = 0.0526). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between hyponatremia and CD4 cells in response to HAART treatment in patients with HIV cerebral toxoplasmosis.