Correlation between Fasting Blood Glucose Level at Admission and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, with a growing number of cases confirmed around the world. This study explores the relationship of fasting blood glucose (FBG) at admission with mortality.Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wu Han from 29 January 2020 to 23 February 2020. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between FBG and mortality.Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled in our study. The average age was 59.49 ± 13.33 and the FBG at admission was 7.35 ± 3.13 mmol/L. There were 16 people died of COVID-19 with an average age 68.1 ± 9.5 and the FBG was 8.94 ± 4.76 mmol/L. Regression analysis showed that there were significant association between FBG and death (HR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.24). After adjusting for covariables, the significance still exists. In addition, our result showed that FBG > 7.0 mmol/L or diabetic mellitus can significantly increase mortality after adjusting for the age and gender.Conclusions: This study suggests that FBG at admission is an effective and reliable indicator for disease prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

High admission blood glucose independently predicts poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Although the potential non-linear association between admission FBG level with poor composite and mortality outcomes remained unexplored due to paucity of studies, we were able to establish non-linear relationship between admission FBG level and severity. However, in contrast with Zhu et al [34], we did not observe a J-shaped association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, which may be explained by the fact that all but one study [34] reported only three categories. Despite this, our findings were in accordance with a study by Alahmad et al [44] which stated that the association between admission FBG and ICU admission was logarithmic, thus further corroborating our premises.…”

“…GRADE assessments of the prognostic value of FBG resulted in high-quality evidence for severity and moderate-quality evidence for mortality and poor outcome, whereas the remaining domains yielded very low-to-low-quality evidence. Overlapping populations were observed in four studies [32][33][34][35] (Appendix Table S7), and analyses were prioritized to Wang et al [32] due to larger sample size.…”

High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Although the potential non-linear association between admission FBG level with poor composite and mortality outcomes remained unexplored due to paucity of studies, we were able to establish non-linear relationship between admission FBG level and severity. However, in contrast with Zhu et al 37 , we did not observe a J-shaped association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, which may be explained by the fact that all but one study 37 reported only three categories.…”

“…‡ Subgroup analysis based on study design and location were not possible as all included studies were retrospective and conducted in China. § Overlapping populations were observed between Li et al 38 , Wang et al 35 , Zhang et al 36 , and Zhu et al 37 , of which Wang et al 35 was prioritized for analysis due to larger sample size.…”

“…GRADE assessments of the prognostic value of FBG resulted in high-quality evidence for severity and moderate-quality evidence for mortality and poor outcome, whereas the remaining domains yielded very low-to-low-quality evidence. Overlapping populations were observed in four studies [35][36][37][38] (Appendix Table S7), and analyses were prioritized to Wang et al 35 due to larger sample size.…”