Correlation between environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in petrochemical industry operators

Carrieri, Mariella; Tranfo, Giovanna; Pigini, Daniela; Paci, Enrico; Salamon, Fabiola; Scapellato, Maria Luisa; Fracasso, Maria Enrica; Manno, Maurizio; Bartolucci, Giovanni Battista

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.07.015

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Numerous studies in the petroleum-or petrochemical industries have reported that t,t-MA is not a reliable biomarker of benzene at exposure levels below 0.1 ppm (Hoet et al 2009;Carrieri et al 2010). Workers exposed to benzene in the same range as the workers in the present study showed an even lower correlation between environmental Post-shift blood toluene ----y * ----y * Job (tank worker, process operator, controls), smoking (current, never).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of exposure biomarkers in offshore workers exposed to low benzene and toluene concentrations

Hopf

Kirkeleit

Bråtveit

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of exposure biomarkers in offshore workers exposed to low benzene and toluene concentrations

Hopf

Kirkeleit

Bråtveit

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…Our results showed a more significant correlation between benzene, xylene isomers, phenol, and MEK in breathing zone and their urinary metabolites in smokers than nonsmokers (P = 0.03, P = 0.041, P = 0.02, P = 0.039, and P = 0.042, respectively). Some other studies reported significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers exposed to benzene in ambient air (15,38). The distribution of pollutants from petrochemical factories into the ambient air mainly depends on the process activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biological monitoring of petrochemical industry workers exposed to benzene, toluene, xylenes, methyl ethyl ketone, and phenol in Southern Iran

Rahimpoor

Bahrami

Assari

et al. 2014

JOHE

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Received: July 2015, Accepted: August 2015 Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including carcinogens and toxic compounds, are produced in petrochemical industries. We undertook this study in order to study workers' respiratory exposure to different VOC concentrations and compare the results with the urinary levels of its metabolites and study the correlation between them in petrochemical industries. Materials and Methods: Exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene isomers, phenol, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was evaluated in 104 male subjects using personal sampling pump and charcoal sorbent tube at the breathing zone and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The urine samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results:The mean concentration of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), was 1431 µg/g creatinine and hippuric acid, methyl hippuric acid, phenol, and MEK were, 0.394, 0.444, 0.098 g/g creatinine, and 0.15 mg/l. The mean concentration of benzene in the breathing zone was greater than the threshold limit value (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Conclusions:In this study, a more significant relationship was found between benzene in breathing zone and urinary t,t-MA in those exposed to benzene in concentrations higher than 1 ppm (r 2 = 0.89) than lower than 1 ppm. Moreover, the same results were observed for other hydrocarbons and their level of urinary biological index. A more significant relationship was observed between phenol in breathing zone and urine through exposure to airborne phenol in concentrations of higher than 0.049 ppm than lower than 0.049 ppm (r 2 = 0.75). The relationship between MEK in breathing zone and urinary MEK was more significant in concentrations of higher than 0.1 ppm (r 2 = 0.79) than lower than 0.1 ppm.

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“…About 33% of resorbed benzene is excreted in urine, approximately 24% of it as conjugated phenol. Benzene metabolites in urine have long been used as reliable parameters to monitor occupational or environmental exposure to benzene [Carrieri et al 2010;Ghittori et al 1995;Pople et al 2002;Weisel 2010]. Only about 0.2% of the benzene is excreted unchanged with the urine.…”

Section: P-xylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene (cumene) – Determination of aromatic compounds in urine by dynamic headspace GC‐MS [Biomonitoring Methods, 2018]

Hartiwig¹,

Arand²

2018

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The working group „Analyses in Biological Materials“ of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area verified the presented biomonitoring method. The analytical method described hereinafter permits the simultaneous determination of the following unmetabolised aromatic compounds in urine: benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene and isopropylbenzene (cumene). Prior to the determination of the analytes by GC‐MS, the analytes are extracted and enriched using ITEX (In Tube Extraction) or SPDE (Solid Phase Dynamic Extraction). To this end, the urine samples are incubated at 50 °C, the analytes extracted from the gas phase and then the enriched analytes are transferred to the gas chromatograph and analysed using mass spectrometry. Calibration standards are prepared in water and processed in the same way as the samples to be analysed. Deuterated benzene is used as internal standard. The method was extensively validated and the reliability data were confirmed by an independent laboratory, which has established and cross‐checked the whole procedure.

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Correlation between environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in petrochemical industry operators

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of exposure biomarkers in offshore workers exposed to low benzene and toluene concentrations

Evaluation of exposure biomarkers in offshore workers exposed to low benzene and toluene concentrations

Biological monitoring of petrochemical industry workers exposed to benzene, toluene, xylenes, methyl ethyl ketone, and phenol in Southern Iran

Benzene, toluene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene (cumene) – Determination of aromatic compounds in urine by dynamic headspace GC‐MS [Biomonitoring Methods, 2018]

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