Correlation between Eicosanoids in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Abstract

Abstract. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been increasingly used as a new and non-invasive method to study airway inflammation. In this study we have compared the concentrations of lipid mediators in EBC with concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We included 37 patients undergoing bronchoscopy (12 sarcoidosis, 12 COPD, 6 lung cancer, 5 chronic cough, 1 Wegener's granulomatosis, 1 sclerodermia). Patients were not allowed to have exacerbation or any change in concomitant medication for at least 4 weeks prior to the study. In all patients, EBC was collected immediately prior to the bronchoscopy. The levels of cys-LTs, LTB4, 8-isoprostane were significantly higher in BALF compared to EBC (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001 for cys-LTs, LTB4, 8-isoprostane respectively). Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between both leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in BALF and EBC (r = 0.53 and r = 0.79, p < 0.01, respectively) in patients with sarcoidosis and COPD but there was no correlation between eicosanoids BALF and EBC in patients with chronic cough and lung cancer. This is the first study to compare EBC and BALF in different lung diseases which demonstrated significant correlations between the levels of eicosanoids in BALF and EBC in patients with COPD and sarcoidosis. EBC may be useful in measuring inflammation in several inflammatory lung diseases.

Eicosanoids in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Primary Lung Cancer

“…As we have demonstrated previously, the levels of PGE2 and cys-LTs were higher in EBC of patients with lung cancer when we compared with patients with noneoplasmatic diseases (COPD, chronic cough, sarcoidosis) and levels of LTB4 were higher than those observed in patients with chronic cough and sarcoidosis [27]. In this study, levels of cys-LTs and LTB4 in EBC were higher than in healthy.…”

Circulating Leukotriene B4 Identifies Respiratory Complications after Trauma

“…An increased rate of pulmonary complication in severely injured trauma patients is closely associated with an excessive systemic and local inflammatory response including neutrophil influx [12, 40–42]. LTB4 represents a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and enhanced LTB4 levels are associated with pulmonary disease [25–28]. Despite the close association with airway disease, it remains unclear whether LTB4 is a reliable parameter for early identification of high-risk patients for pulmonary complications after multiple trauma.…”

“…Patients with pulmonary disease have elevated levels of LTB4 indicating its proinflammatory role [25–27]. LTB4 concentrations are enhanced in bronchoalveolar lage (BAL) fluid of ALI/ARDS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients [27, 28]. Recently, it has been reported that LTB4 and its metabolites, due to a “priming” effect on neutrophils, plays an important role in the development of polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-(PMN-) induced lung injury [29].…”

Classifying oxidative stress by F2-isoprostane levels across human diseases: A meta-analysis

“…The number in the affected and control groups represents the number of people tested. Data for this figure was extracted from references [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], …”