Correlation Between Cognitive Function Impairment and Chronic Kidney Disease With a Low Glomerular Filtration Rate at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a condition of chronic kidney damage with abnormal structure and function of the kidneys that lasts more than 3 months, accompanied or not by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Organic kidney disease leaves accumulated organic waste that cannot be removed by the kidneys. Furthermore, several biochemical and metabolic mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can cause executive disorders.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to find out an increased risk of impaired cognitive function in patients with chronic kidney disease with a low glomerular filtration rate in Sanglah Hospital.
 METHOD: This study uses a retrospective case–control analytic observational study design. We included all patients with chronic kidney disease in Sanglah Hospital in December 2017–January 2018. This study involved 46 subjects with chronic kidney disease who met eligibility criteria, classified as a case group with cognitive impairment and a control group without cognitive impairment.
 RESULTS: Each decrease in glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/173 m2 in patients with chronic renal failure correlates with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment of around 15–25%. The risk of chronic kidney disease patients with glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 decreased cognitive function 13 times compared to subjects with glomerular filtration rate > 30 ml/min/ 1.73 m2.
 CONCLUSION: Low glomerular filtration rate correlate with increased risk of cognitive impairment.