Correlation between climacteric symptoms and serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone

Abe, Toru; Furuhashi, N; Yamaya, Yoshihiro; Wada, Yuichi; Hoshiai, Akira; Suzuki, Masakuni

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(77)90822-5

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In a previous paper reported by the present authors (Abe et al 1977), the menopausal indices of Kupperman and associates (1959), (which were also based on such subjective findings on the climacteric symptoms by the women and corrected by interviewer's observation of the women as those in the present study) were subjected to statistical analysis. This analysis yielded significant correlation between the indices and serum hormone levels, supporting reliability of such estimation of severity of the symptoms and indicated validity of the statistical analysis in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical factor analysis and cluster analysis in the etiology of climacteric symptoms.

Abe¹,

Suzuki²,

Moritsuka

et al. 1984

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to a set of 17 climacteric symptoms data obtained from 194 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Six distinct factors were extracted and the women were divided into 7 groups by hierarchical cluster analysis in terms of their factor scores. Only one representative factor was identified in 3 groups out of the 7. These 3 groups including 87 women were tentatively designated as vasomotor symptom, neurotic, and sensory disturbance groups. These results confirmed statistically that at least 3 simple etiological factors exist among climacteric symptoms.climacteric symptoms ; factor analysis ; cluster analysisAt the First International Congress on the Menopause held at La Grande Motte, France in 1976, etiology of climacteric symptoms was defined as follows : 1) hypothalamic-autonomic imbalance, 2) true estrogen deficiency, 3) psychological factors, and 4) socio-cultural factors (titian and Serr 1976). Climacteric symptoms are, thus, so various as to require different therapies, based on the factors involved in their etiologies. However, only fragmental approaches such as those from the viewpoint of endocrinologic (Chakravarti et al. 1979), psycho somatic (Polit and Larocco 1980), socio-cultural, and other aspects have been undertaken in order to elucidate the etiology of the symptoms. Such complexity may be a reason why the etiology of climacteric symptoms, as a whole, still remains obscure. Therefore, we have carried out a series of studies with the aim of developing a comprehensive approach to the etiology of such symptoms ; factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to a set of symptoms data and the

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical factor analysis and cluster analysis in the etiology of climacteric symptoms.

Abe¹,

Suzuki²,

Moritsuka

et al. 1984

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…This symptom manifests as a transient increase in skin temperature in the face and peripheral parts of the extremities. The cause of the occurrence of HFs is the cessation of the ovarian production of sex hormones (i.e., estrogens and progestins) after menopause; and estrogens, especially estradiol (E 2 ), are considered to be the main factors responsible for generating HFs [3,4]. Thus estrogens are the primary agent for hormone replacement therapy for climacteric women, whereas progestins are commonly used with estrogens for inhibiting the side effects of estrogens on the uterus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Kobayashi

Tamura²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2000

JJP

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Menopausal hot flushes (HFs) are the major climacteric symptoms and occur in most climacteric women [1,2]. This symptom manifests as a transient increase in skin temperature in the face and peripheral parts of the extremities. The cause of the occurrence of HFs is the cessation of the ovarian production of sex hormones (i.e., estrogens and progestins) after menopause; and estrogens, especially estradiol (E 2 ), are considered to be the main factors responsible for generating HFs [3,4]. Thus estrogens are the primary agent for hormone replacement therapy for climacteric women, whereas progestins are commonly used with estrogens for inhibiting the side effects of estrogens on the uterus. However, only a single administration of progesterone (P) or its analogue has been reported to be effective for the treatment of HFs with almost the same efficacy as those of estrogens [5][6][7][8][9]. This clinical evidence suggests that progesterone as well as estrogens may be important for controlling the generation of HFs.By using rat tail, which is useful for studying skin temperature regulation [10], we previously demonstrated that the tail skin temperature (TST) in female rats was elevated after ovariectomy and suggested that this thermoregulatory change, which indicated the augmentation of vasodilatory heat dissipation, was relevant to human symptoms of menopausal HFs [11,12]. In this experimental system, we also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of E 2 posttreatment on the elevation of the TST and indicated the decrease in the E 2 level to be involved in the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy [11,12]. However, because we haven't evaluated the effects of P in this model, we examined the effects of P on the elevation of the TST, starting the treatment just after the ovariectomy. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of E 2 by the same protocol as that used for P and compared the results to evaluate the degree of involvement of both ovarian hormones in the development of the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy. Materials and MethodsAnimals. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) female Sprague-Dawley rats purchased from Charles River Japan (Yokohama, Japan) were used in these experiments. The rats were housed under a 12 : 12-h light/dark cycle with lights on at 0600 h in a thermoregulated room maintained at 24.0Ϯ2.0°C. Humidity was maintained in the range of 55Ϯ10%, and food (CE-2, Clea, Tokyo, Japan) and water were provided ad libitum. A bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation was performed on the rats at the age of 11 to 12 weeks. The experimental protocols were in accordance with the regulation of the Animal Care and Use Committee of our Institute.Temperature recording. Temperature record- Key words: progesterone, tail skin temperature, ovariectomy. Abstract:We examined the effects of progesterone on the elevation of tail skin temperature (TST) in ovariectomized rats and compared them with those of estradiol. Progesterone showed only insignificant effects on the TST elevation, whereas estradiol showed complete inhibition. T...

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“…In some of the patients a double dose of oestrone sulphate was tried but did not relieve the subjective symptoms. Previous studies of premenopausal and post-menopausal women with climacteric symptoms (Abe et al 1977) showed a significant inverse correlation between the menopausal indices of Kupperman et al (1959) and the serum levels of oestradiol in pre-menopausal women. This and our observations indicate that the subjective symp¬ toms are mainly depending on plasma oestradiol concentration and only little, if at all, on plasma oestrone concentration despite significant oestrogen effect of oestrone (oestrone sulphate?)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of a Sequential Oestrogen-Progestin Therapy on the Plasma Level of Oestrogens and Lipids in Post-Menopausal Women

Lillienberg

Adlercreutz

Svanborg

1979

Acta Endocrinologica

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With the aim of minimizing side effects of substitution therapy a natural synthetic oestrogen, oestrone sulphate, and norethisterone acetate were administered to 6 oophorectomized women and 4 women with physiological menopause cyclically in order to follow the pattern of physiological variations during the menstrual cycle as closely as possible, without causing bleedings. In addition to assessing the clinical effects and analyses of plasma oestrone and oestradiol-17\g=b\, the metabolic effects on plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and individual phospholipid levels, as well as on the fatty acid composition of lecithin were followed. The oral administration of oestrone sulphate in doses varying with the "cycle" from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day gave in these women plasma concentrations of oestrone in the lower pre-menopausal physiological range causing cyclic variations in plasma lipids similar to those during a physiological menstrual cycle but did not normalize the plasma oestradiol concentrations and did not give acceptable therapeutic effect. Total phospholipids, total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and the percentage of lecithin were higher, and the percentage of lysolecithin lower in the oestrogen phase, than in the progestin phase. The changes in linoleic acid in lecithin varied inversely with changes in arachidonic acid in lecithin and cyclic variations also occurred in the content of palmitic and stearic acid in lecithin. When previous treatment with ethinyloestradiol was exchanged with oestrone sulphate the total cholesterol values in plasma varied in the opposite direction. The results obtained in this and previous studies suggest different effects of ethinyloestradiol and oestrone (oestrone sulphate?) in the metabolism of certain sterols, and that the effect of oestrone (or oestrone sulphate?) on plasma cholesterol dominates during physiological condition in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

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Correlation between climacteric symptoms and serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Statistical factor analysis and cluster analysis in the etiology of climacteric symptoms.

Statistical factor analysis and cluster analysis in the etiology of climacteric symptoms.

Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Effect of a Sequential Oestrogen-Progestin Therapy on the Plasma Level of Oestrogens and Lipids in Post-Menopausal Women

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