Correlation between biochemical composition and magnetic resonance appearance of articular cartilage

Fragonas, Emanuela; Mlynárik, Vladı́mir; Jellúš, Vladimı́r; Micali, Fulvio; Piras, Alessandro; Toffanin, Renato; Rizzo, Roberto; Vittur, Franco

doi:10.1053/joca.1997.0089

Cited by 114 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cartilage has regional differences in extracellular matrix components such as GAG and collagen (33), and a regional difference in MTR is thought to reflect topographic variation in cartilage composition. In this study's in vivo T 1 and T 2 measurements, the %ratio of the deep layer was significantly lower than that of the superficial layer, which may represent a greater susceptibility to MT in the deep layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 10 knees were involved in the T 1 measurement study (three men, two women), and the other 10 knees were involved in the T 2 measurement study (three men, two women). Mean age at time of imaging was 31.8 Ϯ 3.9 years [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] (values are given throughout as mean Ϯ SD [range]) for the T 1 measurement study and 29.5 Ϯ 4.9 years [24 -36] for the T 2 measurement study. Exclusion criteria were history of knee pain or abnormality or trauma of the knee joint requiring medical treatment.…”

Section: Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Watanabe

Boesch

Obata³

et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetization transfer on multislice T 1 and T 2 measurements of articular cartilage. Materials and Methods:A set of phantoms with different concentrations of collagen and contrast agent (Gd-DTPA 2-) were used for the in vitro study. A total of 20 healthy knees were used for the in vivo study. T 1 and T 2 measurements were performed using fast-spin-echo inversion-recovery (FSE-IR) sequence and multi-spin-echo (MSE) sequence, respectively, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We investigated the difference in T 1 and T 2 values between that measured by singleslice acquisition and that measured by multislice acquisition.Results: Regarding T 1 measurement, a large drop of T 1 in all slices and also a large interslice variation in T 1 were observed when multislice acquisition was used. Regarding T 2 measurement, a substantial drop of T 2 in all slices was observed; however, there was no apparent interslice variation when multislice acquisition was used. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the adaptation of multislice acquisition technique for T 1 measurement using FSE-IR methodology is difficult and its use for clinical evaluation is problematic. In contrast, multislice acquisition for T 2 measurement using MSE was clinically applicable if inaccuracies caused by multislice acquisition were taken into account. IN RECENT YEARS, several qualitative MRI techniques have been developed to monitor the composition and structure of articular cartilage (1,2). Because early degeneration of cartilage is characterized by deterioration of the extracellular matrix components (3-5) such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen, qualitative MRI techniques have the potential to identify cartilage degeneration in an early stage. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a qualitative MRI technique that can evaluate the concentration of GAG in cartilage (6,7). Transverse relaxation time (T 2 ) mapping is an MRI technique that can evaluate the integrity of the collagen network structure and water content in cartilage (8,9). These two MRI techniques have had their capacities validated in basic studies (6,8,10,11) and have been used for clinical evaluations (12-15). The dGEMRIC technique requires longitudinal relaxation time (T 1 ) measurement, whereas T 2 mapping requires T 2 measurement; both techniques employ dedicated pulse sequences. There are several kinds of pulse sequences for T 1 or T 2 measurements. Fast-spin-echo inversion-recovery (FSE-IR) sequence and multi-spinecho (MSE) sequence have been commonly used for T 1 measurement and T 2 measurement of articular cartilage, respectively (7,9,(12)(13)(14)(15). The main reason to use these sequences for clinical evaluation is that they offer acceptable calculation accuracy and reproducibility in a suitable acquisition time. However, it is known that several undesirable factors, which can cause inaccuracy in T 1 and T 2 measurements, may be introduced when these sequences are used for multislice rather ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Watanabe

Boesch

Obata³

et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because cartilage T2 values increase with increasing water content (4), a senescent decrease in the water content would not produce the observed increase in the cartilage T2 values in the older subjects. Likewise, several studies have shown that cartilage T2 values are insensitive to changes in the proteoglycan concentration (13,23,24), and it is therefore unlikely that changes in proteoglycan content or composition would account for the observed differences in cartilage T2 values. Of note, a recent study of nanomelic chicken cartilage by Mosher et al (13) showed that while the absence of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix does not significantly change the bulk T2 value of the cartilage, it does lead to a broader distribution of T2 values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

Mosher

Liu

Yang

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

115

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Because the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transverse relaxation time (T2) of cartilage is sensitive to organization of collagen fibers in the cartilage, it may be a noninvasive image marker for senescent changes in cartilage collagen and early cartilage degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine age-dependent differences in cartilage T2 values in healthy asymptomatic women.Methods. Quantitative T2 maps of patellar cartilage from 30 asymptomatic women ages 22-86 years were obtained using a 3.0T MRI scanner. The study population was stratified by age into 4 cohorts: 18-30, 31-45, 46-65, and 66-86 years. Spatial differences in cartilage T2 were determined as a function of normalized distance from bone. Older groups were compared with the 18-30-year-old group to determine the effects of age on cartilage T2 values. Regions were considered statistically significantly different if the mean T2 values between groups differed at P < 0.05.Results. Mean cartilage T2 profiles were nearly identical for the 2 youngest cohorts. Compared with the 18-30-year-old group, T2 values were statistically significantly longer in the superficial 40% of cartilage in the 46-65-year-old group and over the entire cartilage thickness in the 66-86-year-old group.Conclusion. The location of T2 elevations in women over the age of 45 years is consistent with the theory that senescent changes of cartilage collagen begin near the articular surface and progress to the deeper cartilage with advancing age.Age is a recognized risk factor in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) (1). Epidemiology studies demonstrate a linear increase in OA in individuals younger than 45 years of age, with an exponential increase in those of older ages (1). Understanding of both OA and the basic aging of connective tissue would be of benefit if specific parameters in cartilage could be identified that reflect senescent modification of tissue. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can directly visualize articular cartilage, it is likely to be a useful modality in the study of cartilage aging and OA. Current clinical MRI techniques demonstrate joint anatomy and can be used to determine morphologic parameters such as cartilage volume, thickness, and presence of focal, superficial cartilage lesions (2). More recently, techniques for generating spatially localized quantitative maps of the MRI relaxation times of cartilage have been described (3). These MRI parametric mapping techniques have the potential to identify and localize specific biochemical and structural changes within the extracellular matrix of cartilage.The transverse relation time (T2) is a measurable MRI time constant that is sensitive to the slow molecular motion of mobile protons. In articular cartilage, the T2 relaxation time has a linear correlation with the water content of tissue (4) and is sensitive to loss of collagen content (5) and to the orientation of collagen fibers (6) in the extracellular matrix. There is a strong inverse correlation between spatially localized cart...

show abstract

“…The T 2 relaxation time of articular cartilage is sensitive to collagen concentration, molecular structure, and architecture (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), and has been shown to demonstrate changes in anatomically intact tissue in vivo (11). It has been shown that delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) reflects the GAG concentration in tissue (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and is sensitive to physiologic and pathologic conditions in vivo (18 -22).…”

Section: ؊1mentioning

confidence: 99%

T₂ of articular cartilage in the presence of Gd‐DTPA²⁻

Nieminen

Menezes

et al. 2004

Magnetic Resonance in Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T 2 information and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) are both used to characterize articular cartilage. They are currently obtained in separate studies because Gd-DTPA 2؊ (which is needed for dGEMRIC) affects the inherent T 2 information. In this study, T 2 was simulated and then measured at 8.45 T in 20 sections from two human osteochondral samples equilibrated with and without Gd-DTPA 2؊. Both the simulations and data demonstrated that Gd-DTPA 2؊ provides a non-negligible mechanism for relaxation, especially with higher (1 mM) equilibrating Gd-DTPA 2؊ concentrations, and in areas of tissue with high T 2 (due to weak inherent T 2 mechanisms) and high tissue Gd-DTPA 2؊ (due to a low glycosaminoglycan concentration). Nonetheless, T 2 -weighted images of cartilage equilibrated in 1 mM Gd-DTPA 2؊ showed similar T 2 contrast with and without Gd-DTPA 2؊, demonstrating that the impact on T 2 was not great enough to affect identification of T 2 lesions. However, T 2 maps of the same samples showed loss of conspicuity of T 2 abnormalities. We back-calculated inherent T 2 's (T 2,bc ) using a T 2 -relaxivity value from a 20% protein phantom (r 2 ‫؍‬ 9.27 ؎ 0.09 mM ؊1 s ؊1) and the Gd-DTPA 2؊ concentration calculated from T 1,Gd . The back-calculation restored the inherent T 2 conspicuity, and a correlation between T 2 and T 2,bc of r ‫؍‬ 0.934 (P < 0.0001) was found for 80 regions of interest (ROIs) in the sections. Backcalculation of T 2 is therefore a viable technique for obtaining T 2 maps at high equilibrating Gd-DTPA 2؊ concentrations. With T 2 -weighted images and/or low equilibrating Gd-DTPA 2؊ concentrations, it may be feasible to obtain both T 2 and dGEMRIC information in the presence of Gd-DTPA 2؊ without such corrections. These conditions can be designed into ex vivo studies of cartilage. They appear to be applicable for clinical T 2 studies, since pilot clinical data at 1.5 T from three volunteers demonstrated that calculated T 2 maps are comparable before and after "double dose" Gd-DTPA 2؊ (as utilized in clinical dGEMRIC studies). Therefore, it may be possible to perform a comprehensive clinical examination of dGEMRIC, T 2 , and cartilage volume in one scanning session without T 2 data correction.

show abstract

Correlation between biochemical composition and magnetic resonance appearance of articular cartilage

Cited by 114 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

T₂ of articular cartilage in the presence of Gd‐DTPA²⁻

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Correlation between biochemical composition and magnetic resonance appearance of articular cartilage

Cited by 114 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of multislice acquisition on T1 and T2 measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Effect of multislice acquisition on T1 and T2 measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

T2 of articular cartilage in the presence of Gd‐DTPA2−

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

Effect of multislice acquisition on T₁ and T₂ measurements of articular cartilage at 3T

T₂ of articular cartilage in the presence of Gd‐DTPA²⁻