Correlation Between Air Quality Index and Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness: Comparison Between Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Wang, He; Jia, Hui; Han, Jiaxin; Zhang, Zhaowei; Yin, Xin; Mu, Ning; Zhu, Yunhui; Li, Mingxin

doi:10.1080/02713683.2023.2167213

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Galperin et al (29) reported ocular surface abnormalities and eye irritation related to air pollution using exposure to NO in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. These studies support the harmful effects of air pollution on ocular health, particularly in causing or exacerbating dry eye symptoms (10,25,26,28,30,31). In stark contrast, no research has explored the potential effects of air pollution on oral dryness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, research from Taiwan unveiled a substantial correlation between ambient NO 2 concentrations and DES (19). Severe air pollution has been proven to detrimentally impact the lipid layer thickness of the tear film in DED patients (28). Galperin et al (29) reported ocular surface abnormalities and eye irritation related to air pollution using exposure to NO in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to air pollution as an environmental determinant of how Sjögren's disease is expressed at diagnosis

Brito-Zerón,

Flores-Chávez,

et al. 2023

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

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ObjectiveTo analyse how the potential exposure to air pollutants can influence the key components at the time of diagnosis of Sjögren's phenotype (epidemiological profile, sicca symptoms, and systemic disease). MethodsFor the present study, the following variables were selected for harmonisation and refinement: age, sex, country, fulfilment of 2002/2016 criteria items, dry eyes, dry mouth, and overall ESSDAI score. Air pollution indexes per country were defined according to the OECD (1990OECD ( -2021, including emission data of nitrogen and sulphur oxides (NO/SO), particulate matter (PM2.5 and 1.0), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) calculated per unit of GDP, kg per 1000 USD. ResultsThe results of the chi-square tests of independence for each air pollutant with the frequency of dry eyes at diagnosis showed that, except for one, all variables exhibited p-values <0.0001. The most pronounced disparities emerged in the dry eye prevalence among individuals inhabiting countries with the highest NO/SO exposure, a surge of 4.61 percentage points compared to other countries, followed by CO (3.59 points), non-methane (3.32 points), PM2.5 (3.30 points), and PM1.0 (1.60 points) exposures. Concerning dry mouth, individuals residing in countries with worse NO/SO exposures exhibited a heightened frequency of dry mouth by 2.05 percentage points (p<0.0001), followed by non-methane exposure (1.21 percentage points increase, p=0.007). Individuals inhabiting countries with the worst NO/SO, CO, and PM2.5 pollution levels had a higher mean global ESSDAI score than those in lower-risk nations (all p-values <0.0001). When systemic disease was stratified according to DAS into low, moderate, and high systemic activity levels, a heightened proportion of individuals manifesting moderate/severe systemic activity was observed in countries with worse exposures to NO/SO, CO, and PM2.5 pollutant levels. ConclusionFor the first time, we suggest that pollution levels could influence how SjD appears at diagnosis in a large international cohort of patients. The most notable relationships were found between symptoms (dryness and general body symptoms) and NO/SO, CO, and PM2.5 levels.

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