Correlation analyses of covering and righting behaviors to fitness related traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis in different environmental conditions

Wei, Jing; Zhang, Lisheng; Zhao, Chong; Wang, Feng; Sun, Ping; Chang, Yaqing

doi:10.1007/s00343-016-5133-y

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Glyptocidaris urchins show increased cryptic behavior in the lab when sand is poured into their environment, which suggests that these urchins cover themselves to shield from floating debris [13]. Another study noted that starved Glyptocidaris urchins continue to cover themselves, which suggests that the behavior is important for survival, as it persists even when the energetic cost of maintaining it is fairly high [32].…”

Section: Covering As Mechanical Protectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Many species have been shown to choose when to cover and to what extent, based on a variety of environmental stimuli [4,5,7,[11][12][13]. One study noted the differences between both species and individuals in the amount of covering even in similar environmental conditions, which suggest that this crypsis is a decision, as otherwise all urchins would cover themselves to an equal extent [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea Urchin Covering Behavior: A Comparative Review

Ziegenhorn¹

2017

Sea Urchin - From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine

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Covering behavior in sea urchins is an important aspect of many species' ecology and has a variety of perceived benefits including food source, mechanical defense, shielding from sunlight, and predator protection. The goal of this study was to determine whether an urchin genus's main benefit from this form of crypsis is correlated with either phylogenetic relationships or environmental factors (ocean depth and climate). To evaluate this hypothesis, a literature review was conducted on 15 urchin genera that use the covering reaction. The function of this behavior for the aforementioned genera was both mapped onto a phylogeny and evaluated, based on the climate and depth of the genera's habitats to determine whether the patterns exist. The results suggest that phylogenetic relationships provide a more functional predictive tool for determining the purpose of covering in an urchin genus than its environment. This conclusion is useful for understanding the biology of sea urchins as well as how the covering reaction relates to the many other cryptic behaviors used by animal species.

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Section: Covering As Mechanical Protectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Urchin Covering Behavior: A Comparative Review

Ziegenhorn¹

2017

Sea Urchin - From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine

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“…Several species of sea urchins cover their exposed body surfaces, in a special form of crypsis, with debris collected from their environment [1][2][3][4][5]. The debris can be biotic or abiotic in nature, and include scleractinian coral rubble, mollusc shells, sea grass, terrestrial leaves, and human rubbish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool Use by Four Species of Indo-Pacific Sea Urchins

Barrett

Revell²,

Harding³

et al. 2019

JMSE

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We compared the covering behavior of four sea urchin species, Tripneustes gratilla, Pseudoboletia maculata, Toxopneustes pileolus, and Salmacis sphaeroides found in the waters of Malapascua Island, Cebu Province and Bolinao, Panagsinan Province, Philippines. Specifically, we measured the amount and type of covering material on each sea urchin, and in several cases, the recovery of debris material after stripping the animal of its cover. We found that Tripneustes gratilla and Salmacis sphaeroides have a higher affinity for plant material, especially seagrass, compared to Pseudoboletia maculata and Toxopneustes pileolus, which prefer to cover themselves with coral rubble and other calcified material. Only in Toxopneustes pileolus did we find a significant corresponding depth-dependent decrease in total cover area, confirming previous work that covering behavior serves as a protection mechanism against UV radiation. We found no dependence of particle size on either species or size of sea urchin, but we observed that larger sea urchins generally carried more and heavier debris. We observed a transport mechanism of debris onto the echinoid body surface utilizing a combination of tube feet and spines. We compare our results to previous studies, comment on the phylogeny of sea urchin covering behavior, and discuss the interpretation of this behavior as animal tool use.

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“…There are several implications of the impacts of high doses of NH3 on fine-ridged elimia. Righting more slowly costs snails feeding time (Wei et al 2016) and could potentially increase exposure to predators. Snails typically right more quickly when predator scent is present (Orr et al 2007), but this adaptation could be lost or impaired when righting behavior is slowed by exposure to ammonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, with the body in this position, normal activities, such as feeding and mating, cannot be accomplished (Wei et al 2016). Thus, increased righting time is used as an indicator of stress in gastropods and other aquatic groups (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ammonia and temperature on freshwater snail behavior and physiology.

DeWhatley¹

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for their invaluable input and advice. This research would not have been possible without financial support from the University of Louisville, including the Graduate Student Council and the Biology Graduate Student Association, as well as the Kentucky Academy of Science Marcia Athey Fund. I am grateful to the many people who assisted with this research, including Richard Schultz for his assistance with ammonia and other water quality analyses, Dr. Monte McGregor for locating populations of snails and providing algae as a food source, and Dr. Margaret Carreiro for the use of her laboratory equipment. I would not have been able to collect all the snails I needed without the help of Grace Freundlich, Lindsay Nason, Dr. Sarah Fauque, and Zach Bixler. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Gary Cobbs and Dr. Victoria Prescott for their assistance with statistical analyses and R. I would like to thank my family for being proud and supportive no matter what I do, and for embracing my love of snails. Finally, I thank my husband Michael for many trips to the creek for snails, for being a sounding board for all manner of research issues, and most of all, for his unwavering love and support.

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Correlation analyses of covering and righting behaviors to fitness related traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis in different environmental conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Sea Urchin Covering Behavior: A Comparative Review

Sea Urchin Covering Behavior: A Comparative Review

Tool Use by Four Species of Indo-Pacific Sea Urchins

Impacts of ammonia and temperature on freshwater snail behavior and physiology.

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