Correlating the amorphous phase structure of vitrified bauxite residue (red mud) to the initial reactivity in binder systems

Hertel, Tobias; Bulck, Amy Van den; Blanpain, Bart; Pontikes, Yiannis

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104410

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In other words, on top of having a higher reactivity than the average fly ash, which was also shown recently (Danner and Justnes 2020), the cocalcined BR is more robust in terms of reactivity than coal combustion fly ashes and relatively independent from the refinery of origin. The cumulative heat of the calcined samples after 7 days is also comparable to the heat recorded of some slags produced via partial vitrification of BR (Giels et al, 2022;Hertel et al, 2022).…”

Section: Reactivity Of Calcined Bauxite Residuessupporting

confidence: 72%

Co-Calcination of Bauxite Residue With Kaolinite in Pursuit of a Robust and High-Quality Supplementary Cementitious Material

2022

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The present article investigates the potential of co-calcination with kaolinite as a sector-wide solution for the transformation of bauxite residue into an effective supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Bauxite residues from eight alumina refineries were co-calcined with 30 wt% of kaolinite at 750°C. SCMs with moderately high reactivities were obtained. Mortars with 30 wt% replacement of Portland cement (CEM I) by co-calcined bauxite residue had relative strengths of 73 ± 4%, 87 ± 4%, and 88 ± 2% after 2, 7, and 28 days compared to a CEM I reference mortar. The reactivity and contribution to strength development were shown to scale linearly with the kaolinite dosage. Most bauxite residues require only 20 wt% substitution by kaolinite to reach the reactivity and performance targets. Co-calcination reduced the mobility of heavy metals significantly. The negative effect on the workability that some BRs with higher content of free sodium exhibited was mitigated by co-calcination. This positive effect was also observed after calcination with 10 and 20 wt% of kaolinite. The same was found for the positive effect on the leaching of heavy metals. The inherent reactivity of the bauxite residue mainly stemmed from the desilication products such as sodalite and cancrinite. During co-calcination, the sodium-containing phases reacted with kaolinite, delivering a supplementary cementitious material with high reactivity and low free-sodium content.

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Section: Reactivity Of Calcined Bauxite Residuessupporting

confidence: 72%

Co-Calcination of Bauxite Residue With Kaolinite in Pursuit of a Robust and High-Quality Supplementary Cementitious Material

2022

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“…Life cycle thinking cementitious materials in the construction of over 28 MPa [16,21,22]. New research is directed to incorporating the material in industrial applications and assessing its economic and environmental viability [6].…”

Section: Chemistymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental assessment of materials in preparing alkali-activated materials using bauxite residue

Guha,

Bambier,

Ouellet-Plamondon

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Aluminum is a highly produced metal globally. In the built environments alone, aluminum is known for its light weight and anti-corrosive properties and is a common choice of material in window frames, curtain walls, and light fixtures. The metal is processed from its oxide, alumina, the production of which releases a caustic byproduct known as bauxite residue (BR). BR is stored in massive reservoirs, however, due to the sheer volume of production, industries handling the material are reaching their storage limits. It is of high importance to research methods to valorize BR. Researchers have proposed a multitude of valorization methods, which include metal recovery from the byproduct, and using BR as raw material in production of another material. However, it is counterproductive to expend considerable amounts of energy and use excessive raw materials to manage utilization of BR. This study compared a method of valorization of bauxite residue with clay bricks. The method of preparing alkali-activated materials (AAM) with bauxite residue as a precursor was semi-quantitatively analyzed to compare the raw materials in the AAM with clay bricks. The materials were analyzed for climate change, ozone depletion, human toxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity using OpenLCA software and the ecoinvent version 3.4 database. While the alkali activators possessed high values of the environmental impact when measured by the kilogram, the impacts were greatly reduced due to their small percentage in weight contained in the AAM. This study is the first stage of analyzing the environmental costs of valorizing bauxite residue. The AAM showed low environmental impact in material use when impacts of toxicity are considered. However, it displayed a higher climate change impact than that of clay bricks. Transport of raw materials to the preparation site played a significant role in the analysis. The next step is to compare the energy used in preparing AAMs.

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“…Red mud is rich in alumina, silica, and iron minerals that can be used as a precursor in synthesizing zeolite, aluminosilicate, and mesoporous materials. 5 Red mud has been directly used as an adsorbent 6 and as raw material for the production of ceramics, 7 geopolymers, 8 road material, 9 pavement, 10 coating, 11 and catalyst. 12 Several researchers have utilized red mud as a catalyst due to its strong alkaline properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct synthesis of Fe-aluminosilicates from red mud for catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil

Ramdhani,

Santoso,

Holilah

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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Correlating the amorphous phase structure of vitrified bauxite residue (red mud) to the initial reactivity in binder systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Co-Calcination of Bauxite Residue With Kaolinite in Pursuit of a Robust and High-Quality Supplementary Cementitious Material

Co-Calcination of Bauxite Residue With Kaolinite in Pursuit of a Robust and High-Quality Supplementary Cementitious Material

Environmental assessment of materials in preparing alkali-activated materials using bauxite residue

Direct synthesis of Fe-aluminosilicates from red mud for catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil

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