Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1‐Month‐Old Breastfed Infants

Borewicz, Klaudyna; Gu, Fangjie; Saccenti, Edoardo; Arts, Ilja C. W.; Penders, John; Thijs, Carel; Leeuwen, Sander S. van; Lindner, Cordula; Nauta, Arjen; Leusen, Ellen van; Schols, Henk A.; Smidt, Hauke

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201801214

Cited by 87 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…infantis (B. infantis) and found that the organism is equipped with a gene set responsible for HMO assimilation [30]. Since then, various researchers have tried to elucidate the mechanisms of how bifidobacteria assimilate HMOs, and of how HMO consumption is related to the gut microbiota formation in breast-fed infant guts [12,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Currently, breast-feeding is considered to be one of the most efficient strategies to shape healthy gut microbiotas during infancy [14,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

et al. 2019

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The infant’s gut microbiome is generally rich in the Bifidobacterium genus. The mother’s milk contains natural prebiotics, called human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids, and of the different gut microbes, infant gut-associated bifidobacteria are the most efficient in assimilating HMOs. Indeed, the fecal concentration of HMOs was found to be negatively correlated with the fecal abundance of Bifidobacterium in infants. Given these results, two HMO molecules, 2′-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose, have recently been industrialized to fortify formula milk. As of now, however, our knowledge about the HMO consumption pathways in infant gut-associated bifidobacteria is still incomplete. The recent studies indicate that HMO assimilation abilities significantly vary among different Bifidobacterium species and strains. Therefore, to truly maximize the effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation in commercialized formula, we need to understand HMO consumption behaviors of bifidobacteria in more detail. In this review, we summarized how different Bifidobacterium species/strains are equipped with varied gene sets required for HMO assimilation. We then examined the correlation between the abundance of the HMO-related genes and bifidobacteria-rich microbiota formation in the infant gut through data mining analysis of a deposited fecal microbiome shotgun sequencing dataset. Finally, we shortly described future perspectives on HMO-related studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

et al. 2019

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“…longum (B. longum), are frequently detected in the stool of breast-fed infants. Many studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have indicated that the formation of a bifidus-flora in the gut of breast-fed infants can be attributed to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the third most abundant solid component in breastmilk after lactose and lipids [20][21][22]. Mothers produce the energy-rich HMOs, even though HMOs have no direct nutritional value for infants, as HMOs are resistant to digestive enzymes secreted in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Adaptation of Bifidobacterium bifidum to Host Glycans, Viewed from Glycoside Hydrolyases and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules

et al. 2020

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Certain species of the genus Bifidobacterium represent human symbionts. Many studies have shown that the establishment of symbiosis with such bifidobacterial species confers various beneficial effects on human health. Among the more than ten (sub)species of human gut-associated Bifidobacterium that have significantly varied genetic characteristics at the species level, Bifidobacterium bifidum is unique in that it is found in the intestines of a wide age group, ranging from infants to adults. This species is likely to have adapted to efficiently degrade host-derived carbohydrate chains, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and mucin O-glycans, which enabled the longitudinal colonization of intestines. The ability of this species to assimilate various host glycans can be attributed to the possession of an adequate set of extracellular glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Importantly, the polypeptides of those glycosidases frequently contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) with deduced affinities to the target glycans, which is also a distinct characteristic of this species among members of human gut-associated bifidobacteria. This review firstly describes the prevalence and distribution of B. bifidum in the human gut and then explains the enzymatic machinery that B. bifidum has developed for host glycan degradation by referring to the functions of GHs and CBMs. Finally, we show the data of co-culture experiments using host-derived glycans as carbon sources, which underpin the interesting altruistic behavior of this species as a cross-feeder.

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“…After birth, nutrition is one of the sources of polyamines, contributing to those produced by the organs of the digestive system and the microbiota. For primary amines (except for isoamylamine, present in breast milk), the main source is produced by intestinal bacteria, which may vary depending on the feeding type of newborns (56,57,72) . Through breast milk, the mother's microbiota is transferred and helps in establishing the newborns' own microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While increases in the production of spermidine, spermine and histamine in several Gram-positive and Gramnegative strains have been demonstrated (73) . It is not easy to extrapolate this in vitro experiment, a cocktail with a fixed concentration of amines (0•03 %), with the variable conditions of the nutritional factors (72,74) and microbiota (56,57,75,76) found in newborns during lactation. But it suggests that the ingested polyamines and isoamylamine may contribute to facilitating or limiting the growth of different faecal bacteria strain producers or degraders of biogenic amines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amine variations in faecal content in the first weeks of life of newborns in relation to breast-feeding or infant formulas

et al. 2019

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Breast-feeding is the ideal nutrition for a newborn’s integral necessities. It seems crucial therefore to know its composition in order to provide suitable infant formula when required. Of these, polyamines (with lactation and the microbiota being its intestinal source) are involved in the development of gut epithelium and immunity. Safety concerns limit human intervention studies. Therefore, we studied the amounts of polyamines supplied by breast milk (varying among mothers) or infant formula feeding, up to day 30 postpartum, in the faeces of newborns. Independent samples (68) of breast milk from fifty-nine healthy Caucasian woman (day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 postpartum) who had natural deliveries after week 38, same-day faeces of newborns when available (eighty-one from breast milk and fifty-five from infant formula fed) and six infant formulas were collected and the polyamine content was determined by HPLC. In breast milk, polyamines and isoamylamine (a primary amine), with inter-individual variations, increased over time (with a higher content of spermidine; no other amines were present). Overall, they were much higher than in infant formula. By the 2nd week after birth, polyamines, cadaverine and tyramine, but not isoamylamine, were higher in the faeces of those fed infant formula compared with those fed breast milk. Cadaverine and tyramine could be used to predict the feeding type used for newborns. The differences in the content may be related to distinct colonisation of amine-producing bacteria, which can be established by polyamines. Further studies are required to determine the clinical utility of these findings.

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Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1‐Month‐Old Breastfed Infants

Cited by 87 publications

References 61 publications

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

Varied Pathways of Infant Gut-Associated Bifidobacterium to Assimilate Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Prevalence of the Gene Set and Its Correlation with Bifidobacteria-Rich Microbiota Formation

Enzymatic Adaptation of Bifidobacterium bifidum to Host Glycans, Viewed from Glycoside Hydrolyases and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules

Amine variations in faecal content in the first weeks of life of newborns in relation to breast-feeding or infant formulas

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