Correlates of Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Meyer, Michelle L.; Tanaka, Hirofumi; Palta, Priya; Cheng, Susan; Gouskova, Natalia; Aguilar, David; Heiss, Gerardo

doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv079

Cited by 82 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…27 Similar to the race×SES effect described above, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities at least partially mediated the interaction, given non-significance of the interactive race×sex term in fully adjusted models. Meyer and colleagues 14 demonstrated a pattern similar to our results among older adult ARIC participants, but for PWV. They found white men had significantly faster PWVs than white women, but there was no significant sex difference among African-Americans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…12 More recently, a race-sex interaction was identified among 65+ year-old ARIC participants for a marker of arterial stiffness, such that white men had higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocities (PWVs) than white women, with no significant sex difference between African-Americans. 14 In a different population-based study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), low SES was associated with greater carotid atherosclerosis, but African-African-American women were most vulnerable to greater exposure to neighborhood poverty. 15 A separate analysis of MESA data showed no statistically significant race by sex interactions for IMT, but did show more pronounced sex differences in coronary artery calcification among non-Hispanic whites than in other racial/ethnic groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distributions of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Socioeconomically and Racially Diverse Sample

Wendell

Waldstein

Evans

et al. 2017

Stroke

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Background and Purpose Differential subgroup vulnerability to subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) is likely, and yet few, if any, studies have addressed interactive relations of age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) to these conditions to examine nuances of known health disparities. We examined distributions of carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in a socioeconomically diverse, biracial, urban sample. Methods Participants (n=2,270) in the population-based Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (30–64 years old, 44% men, 57% African-American, 39% with household income below 125% federal poverty threshold) underwent carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment. Results In cross-sectional hierarchical regression analyses, interactive race×SES effects were identified for IMT and PWV, such that high SES African-Americans had significantly thicker IMTs and faster PWVs than all other subgroups (i.e., low SES African-Americans, low SES whites, and high SES whites). A race×sex effect was also identified for IMT, such that the IMT discrepancy between white men and women was more pronounced than the discrepancy between African-American men and women. Lastly, an SES×sex effect indicated that while IMTs of high SES and low SES men did not significantly differ, high SES women had marginally thicker IMTs than low SES women. Conclusions High SES African-Americans may be particularly vulnerable to subclinical CVDs, placing them at enhanced risk for clinical CVDs including stroke. These findings suggest that male sex, low socioeconomic status, and African-American ancestry may represent imprecise generalizations as risk factors for subclinical CVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Distributions of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Socioeconomically and Racially Diverse Sample

Wendell

Waldstein

Evans

et al. 2017

Stroke

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“…Previous attempts to make associations between smoking and measures of carotid arterial stiffness have not shown clear results. [11,28] Interestingly, Sharrett et al [28] and Meyer et al [29] both found that tobacco smoke exposure was actually associated with decreased arterial stiffness, which is consistent with our findings. Decreased arterial stiffness could explain how individuals who smoke exhibit increased risk of mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).…”

Section: History Of Acute Cardiovascular Eventsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

Yu¹,

Hasjim²,

Yu³

et al. 2017

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated. METHODS:We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS:We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness. CONCLUSION: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

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“…(23,24) Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using a ColinVP-1000 plus system (Omron Co., Komaki, Japan). (25)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race-Related Differences in Left Ventricular Structural and Functional Remodeling in Response to Increased Afterload

Fernandes-Silva

Shah

Hegde

et al. 2017

JACC: Heart Failure

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Background Chronic increasing in arterial afterload may be an important trigger for left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction that lead to heart failure (HF). Racial differences in the predisposition to HF are well described, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective We evaluated the racial differences in arterial elastance (Ea), which reflects the arterial afterload faced by the LV, and its associations with cardiac structure and function. We hypothesize that the LV in blacks displays heightened afterload sensitivity as compared to whites. Methods We studied 5727 community-based, elderly Atherosclerosis Risk in Community (ARIC) Study participants (22% black), who underwent echocardiography between 2011 and 2013. Results Blacks were younger (75 ± 5 vs 76 ± 5 years old), more frequently women (66 vs 57%), and had higher prevalence of obesity (46 vs 31%), hypertension (94 vs 80%), and diabetes mellitus (47 vs 34%) than whites. Adjusting for these baseline differences, Ea was higher among blacks (1.96 ± 0.01 vs 1.80 ± 0.01 mmHg/mL). In blacks, Ea was associated with greater LV remodeling (LV mass index, β = 3.21 ± 0.55 g/m2, p<0.001) and higher LV filling pressures (E/e′ ratio, β = 0.42 ± 0.11, p<0.001). These relationships were not observed in whites (LV mass, β = 0.16 ± 0.32 g/m2, p=0.61, p for interaction <0.001; E/e′ratio, β = −0.32 ± 0.06, p<0.001, p for interaction <0.001).. Conclusion These community-based data suggest that black Americans display heightened afterload sensitivity as a stimulus for LV structural and functional remodeling, which may contribute to their greater risk of HF, as compared to white Americans.

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Correlates of Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Cited by 82 publications

References 43 publications

Distributions of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Socioeconomically and Racially Diverse Sample

Distributions of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Socioeconomically and Racially Diverse Sample

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

Race-Related Differences in Left Ventricular Structural and Functional Remodeling in Response to Increased Afterload

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