Correlates of screen time in the early years (0–5 years): A systematic review

Veldman, Sanne L C; Altenburg, Teatske M.; Chinapaw, Mai J. M.; Gubbels, Jessica S.

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102214

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In contrast to previous studies (Leppänen et al, 2020;Shin et al, 2021), we did not find associations between screen media and children's temperament. Our findings are in line with a recently published systematic review of the correlates of screen time in the early years (0-5 years) (Veldman et al, 2023), which found no evidence for an association of a child's temperament or personality with screen time. One possible limitation of our study is that we assessed the child's temperament at 6 months only.…”

Section: T a B L E 2 Pearson Correlation Matrix Between Study Variabl...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…In recent years, a growing number of longitudinal studies have provided preliminary evidence for the long-term effects of early screen exposure on children development (Veldman et al, 2023, for a systematic review). The literature offers numerous theoretical explanations for the potential link between early screen exposure and children's development (Swider-Cios et al, 2023).…”

Section: Early Screen Exposure and Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although early screen use is a quickly developing area of research, the current literature concerning outcomes of early screen media is hindered by methodological problems, including a shortage of longitudinal investigations, exclusive reliance on parent-report of screen use, limited validity of measures, large age range of participants, overlooking dimensions of screen content and context (e.g., co-watching television with an adult) and not controlling for potential confounders (e.g., low socio-economic status, minority background, parenting behavior) (for systematic reviews please see: Byrne et al, 2021;Slobodin et al, 2019;Veldman et al, 2023). In concluding their recent systematic review, Veldman et al (2023) emphasized the need to focus on sociocultural correlates of screen use, especially economic factors, parental factors, and behavioral factors in order to clarify inconsistencies in existing studies and address the limited knowledge about screen use context.…”

Section: Early Screen Exposure and Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional limitation of our study is the use of a single variable of screen time, calculated as the total minutes the child used various screen devices per day. As correlates of screen use might differ for different types of devices, future studies should explore various types of screen time (Veldman et al, 2023).…”

Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study

Slobodin,

Hetzroni,

Mandel

et al. 2023

Infancy

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The current study examined longitudinal associations between early screen media exposure (assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months) and the child's motor and language/communication development at the ages of 24 and 36 months. We also aimed to study whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were 179 parent‐infant dyads, recruited from well‐baby clinic services during routine visits. Child development measures included standardized measures of developmental milestones as assessed by professionals and referral data to child developmental centers. Both measures were retrieved from the official health maintenance organization records by an expert in child development. Results indicated that screen exposure at 6 and 12 months was associated with a higher risk for language/communication deficits at 36 months in children with moderate or high SES but not in children with low SES. Our findings are consistent with existing literature demonstrating cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between early screen exposure and language development deficits. Given that media use practices and motivations vary among families from different backgrounds, further investigation of the interaction between SES and screen exposure is needed.

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Section: T a B L E 2 Pearson Correlation Matrix Between Study Variabl...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Early Screen Exposure and Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Screen Exposure and Child Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study

Slobodin,

Hetzroni,

Mandel

et al. 2023

Infancy

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“…In addition, we considered the following multilevel sociodemographic factors based on the literature 19 , 32 , 33 : child’s age and sex, primary caregiver’s education attainment (≤high school graduation, technical school or some college, or ≥4-year college degree), marital status (married, not married but living with a partner, never married, or divorced, separated, or widowed), mental or emotional health (excellent to good or fair to poor), and emotional support for parenting (yes or no response to the question, “During the past 12 months, was there someone that you could turn to for day-to-day emotional support with parenting or raising children?”), primary home language (English or non-English), and neighborhood support (supportive or not supportive). Neighborhood support was defined using the NSCH neighborhood support indicator definition 31 : responses (5-point Likert scale from “definitely agree” to “definitely disagree”) to 3 statements: (1) “People in this neighborhood help each other out”; (2) “We watch out for each other’s children in this neighborhood”; and (3) “When we encounter difficulties, we know where to go for help in our community.” Children were considered living in a supportive neighborhood if their caregiver reported “definitely agree” to at least 1 of the items above and “somewhat agree” or “definitely agree” to the other 2 items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen Time, Sociodemographic Factors, and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Children

Kwon,

Armstrong,

Wetoska

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceYoung children’s screen time increased during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, but it is unknown whether their screen time returned to prepandemic levels in 2021. Knowledge of the relationship between screen time and child development and health will inform prevention and intervention targets and strategies.ObjectiveTo evaluate screen time by family income and race and ethnicity in the prepandemic (ie, 2018, 2019) and pandemic (ie, 2020, 2021) periods and to examine the relationship between screen time and psychological well-being among young children in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional population-based web or mail survey study of 2018-2021 National Survey of Children’s Health participants aged 6 months to 5 years.ExposureDaily screen time (&lt;1, 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 h/d) reported by participants’ primary caregivers.Main outcomes and MeasuresFlourishing and externalizing behaviors, as indicators of psychological well-being. All analyses were weighted, accounting for the complex survey sample design.ResultsOf the 48 775 participants (50.7% female), the proportion of those with high screen time (defined as ≥1 h/d for children aged 6 months-1 year and ≥2 h/d for children aged 2-5 years) was 48.5% (95% CI, 46.3%-50.7%) in 2018, 49.2% (95% CI, 47.0%-51.5%) in 2019, 55.3% (95% CI, 53.4%-57.2%) in 2020, and 50.0% (95% CI, 48.3%-51.6%) in 2021. Among children living in poverty (federal poverty level &lt;100%), the proportion of those with high screen time was 48.7% (95% CI, 42.8%-54.6%) in 2018, 52.0% (95% CI, 45.4%-58.6%) in 2019, 60.9% (95% CI, 55.4%-66.4%) in 2020, and 58.9% (53.7%-64.1%) in 2021. Adjusted odds ratio of flourishing was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51-0.85), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.99), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.88), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.42-0.69) for less than 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more hours per day vs 1 hour per day of screen time, respectively, among children aged 3 to 5 years. No association between screen time and flourishing was found among children aged 6 months to 2 years. An adjusted externalizing behavior score was higher by 0.2 points (95% CI, −0.1 to 0.5), 0.5 points (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8), 1.3 points (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6), and 2.1 points (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.5) for less than 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more hours per day vs 1 hour per day of screen time, respectively, among children aged 3 to 5 years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multiyear cross-sectional study of a representative sample of young children in the US, the increased prevalence of high screen time in 2020 returned to prepandemic levels in 2021; however, it remained elevated in children living in poverty. Two hours or more of daily screen time was associated with lower psychological well-being among preschool-aged children.

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The Day-Level Association Between Child Care Attendance and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children

Parker,

Burkart,

Reesor-Oyer

et al. 2024

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: Twenty-four hour movement behaviors (ie, physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep) are associated with children’s health outcomes. Identifying day-level contextual factors, such as child care, that positively influence children’s movement behaviors may help identify potential intervention targets, like improving access to child care programs. This study aimed to examine the between- and within-person effects of child care on preschoolers’ 24-hour movement behaviors. Methods: Children (N = 74, 4.7 [0.9] y, 48.9% girls, 63.3% White) wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their nondominant wrist 24 hours per day for 14 days to measure PA and sleep. Parents completed surveys each night about their child’s ST and child care attendance that day. Linear mixed effects models predicted day-level 24-hour movement behaviors from hours spent in child care. Results: Children spent an average of 5.0 (2.9) hours per day in child care. For every additional hour of child care above their average, children had 0.3 hours (95% CI, −0.3 to −0.2) less ST that day. Between-person effects showed that compared with children who attended fewer overall hours of child care, children who attended more hours had less overall ST (B = −0.2 h; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.0). Child care was not significantly associated with PA or sleep. Conclusions: Child care attendance was not associated with 24-hour PA or sleep; however, it was associated with less ST. More research utilizing objective measures of ST and more robust measures of daily schedules or structure is necessary to better understand how existing infrastructure may influence preschool-aged children’s 24-hour movement behaviors. In addition, future research should consider how access to child care may influence child care attendance.

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Correlates of screen time in the early years (0–5 years): A systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study

Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study

Screen Time, Sociodemographic Factors, and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Children

The Day-Level Association Between Child Care Attendance and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children

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