Correlates of patterns of range use of a troop of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). I. Sleeping sites, impregnable females, births, and male emigrations and immigrations

Rasmussen, Dennis R.

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90058-7

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because the strong correlation (r Spearman exact = 0.88, n = 179, P = 0.0001) between the number of males and the total number of independent individuals that are not carried by the mother precluded inclusion of both covariates in the full model, we chose to include only the number of males as it was reported to influence departure time and also to decrease predation risk at dawn (28)(29)(30). Because nest departure time in primates is known to be delayed by a high energy balance (28,31), high amounts of overnight rainfall, and low night temperatures (28,32,33), we also included these factors as control predictors in the model (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, if the females had departed earlier to breakfast on fig species simply because they preferred to feed on figs, departure times should have been approximately the same for all days for which breakfast consisted of figs, and should not have been later when the figs were nearby compared with when they were far away (i.e., there would not have been a significant interaction between breakfast fruit genus and distance). Early departures to distant figs also did not simply result from particular periods of low fruit availability (28,31) . Fig break-fasting occurred throughout the fruit-scarce periods, and was regularly alternated with breakfasting on other fruits (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild chimpanzees plan their breakfast time, type, and location

Janmaat

Polansky

Ban

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

141

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Not all tropical fruits are equally desired by rainforest foragers and some fruit trees get depleted more quickly and carry fruit for shorter periods than others. We investigated whether a ripe-fruit specialist, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), arrived earlier at breakfast sites with very ephemeral and highly sought-after fruit, like figs, than sites with less ephemeral fruit that can be more predictably obtained throughout the entire day. We recorded when and where five adult female chimpanzees spent the night and acquired food for a total of 275 full days during three fruit-scarce periods in a West African tropical rainforest. We found that chimpanzees left their sleeping nests earlier (often before sunrise when the forest is still dark) when breakfasting on very ephemeral fruits, especially when they were farther away. Moreover, the females positioned their sleeping nests more in the direction of the next day's breakfast sites with ephemeral fruit compared with breakfast sites with other fruit. By analyzing departure times and nest positioning as a function of fruit type and location, while controlling for more parsimonious explanations, such as temperature, we found evidence that wild chimpanzees flexibly plan their breakfast time, type, and location after weighing multiple disparate pieces of information. Our study reveals a cognitive mechanism by which largebrained primates can buffer the effects of seasonal declines in food availability and increased interspecific competition to facilitate first access to nutritious food. We discuss the implications for theories on hominoid brain-size evolution.prospective cognition | flexible planning | ecological intelligence | interspecific competition | foraging strategies T hree decades ago, Katharine Milton hypothesized that the diversity of food and the manner in which it is distributed in space and time have been major selective forces in the development of advanced cerebral complexity (the ecological intelligence hypothesis) (1, 2). Positive associations between a variety of brain size measures and levels of frugivory (i.e., the dietary proportion of patchily distributed and ephemeral food) were found in primates (3, 4), bats, and rodents (5). However, the idea that body size evolves more rapidly than brain size, meaning the small relative brain size of folivores could be a nonequilibrial situation, kept scientists from interpreting these associations as clear support for Milton's hypothesis (6; but see also ref. 7). The ecological intelligence hypothesis was, however, retained as one of the four components of the technical intelligence hypothesis, developed to find evolutionary explanations of great apes' representational skills (6). It was renamed the "cognitive map hypothesis," which unintentionally focused attention solely on the complexity of the spatial mapping of food and largely ignored the potential difficulty of anticipating the time and duration that food is present.With recent comparative studies on brain size evolution, the role of the tempora...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild chimpanzees plan their breakfast time, type, and location

Janmaat

Polansky

Ban

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These issues are methodological and biological and environmental factors influencing home range estimates will not be considered here and instead dealt with elsewhere. The biological and environmental factors are group size (de Ruiter 1986;Bleisch 1995;Ostro et al 1999a;Dias & Strier 2003), diet types (Harrison, 1983), food distribution and availability (Clutton-Brock 1975;Milton 1980;Boinski 1987;Zhang 1995;Li et al 2000), water availability (Altmann & Altmann 1970;Chapman 1988), sleeping site or resting site location (Rasmussen 1979;Harrison 1983) and the presence of other groups (Wrangham et al 2007;Benadi et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range and seasonality of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Bao-ping

Long³

et al. 2009

Integrative Zoology

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Home range studies are essential for understanding an animal's behavioral ecology and for making wildlife conservation efficient. The home range of a group of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti MilneEdwards, 1897) was estimated using a global positioning system collar from December 2003 to October 2004 in northern Yunnan Province, China. To measure the ranging area of the study group 1291 animal locations were fixed. Based on the 100% minimum convex polygon method, the home range size was approximately 32.8 km 2 ; based on the grid-cell method it was approximately 17.8 km 2 using a 250-m grid and 23.3 km 2 using a 500-m grid. We assessed seasonal changes in the home range of this monkey population and found a different ranging pattern of from earlier studies. Daily range size was calculated as 4.80 ± 5.81 ha (mean ± standard deviation), with a range of 45.66 ha (0.01-45.67 ha).

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“…Only recently has much attention been given to the actual habituation process [1,4,[6][7][8][9][10]. The scant attention paid to habituation is somewhat surprising, since its study is more than study of methodological detal: it is an area of traditional importance in ethology and psychology [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects are habituated so their behavior will be as close as is possible to their behavior if the observer were not present [1]. In an initial field study conducted on a new study group, habituation may account for a major proportion of the observers' time [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of patterns of range use of a troop of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). I. Sleeping sites, impregnable females, births, and male emigrations and immigrations

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Wild chimpanzees plan their breakfast time, type, and location

Wild chimpanzees plan their breakfast time, type, and location

Home range and seasonality of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys

Changes in Range Use of Geoffroy’s Tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) Associated with Habituation to Observers

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