Correlates of Mortality in Russian and US Women

Davis, C. E.; Деев, А. Д.; Shestov, Dmitri B.; Перова, Н. В.; Plavinskaya, S. I.; Abolafia, Jeffrey M.; Kim, Haesook; Tyroler, Herman A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117009

Cited by 21 publications

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“…Participants in the US-USSR Lipid Research Clinics Program [13][14][15][16] were selected randomly from the socially mixed Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad) in 1975-1977 (men) and 1980-1982 (women); the participation rate was 80%. As regards variables used in this analysis, a common protocol was used for men and women.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As regards variables used in this analysis, a common protocol was used for men and women. Height and weight were measured at the lipid research clinic, [14][15][16] and body mass index was calculated as weight/height 2 and analyzed as quartiles. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and social characteristics (education, ethnic group/nationality, occupation and marital status) were determined by interview.…”

Section: Participants In the Us-ussr Lipid Research Clinics Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer mortality in women and men who survived the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

Koupil

Plavinskaja

Parfenova

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The population of Leningrad suffered from severe starvation, cold and psychological stress during the siege in World War II in 1941-1944. We investigated the long-term effects of the siege on cancer mortality in 3,901 men and 1,429 women, born between 1910 and 1940. All study subjects were residents of St. Petersburg, formerly Leningrad, between 1975 and 1982. One third of them had experienced the siege as children, adolescents or young adults (age range, 1-31 years at the peak of starvation in [1941][1942]. Associations of siege exposure with risk of death from cancer were studied using a multivariable Cox regression, stratified by gender and period of birth, adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol and social characteristics, from 1975 to 1977 (men) and 1980 to 1982, respectively (women), until the end of 2005. Women who were 10-18 years old at the peak of starvation were taller as adults (ageadjusted difference, 1.7 cm; 95% CI, 0.5-3.0) and had a higher risk of dying from breast cancer compared with unexposed women born during the same period (age-adjusted HR, 9.9; 95% CI, 1.1-86.5). Mortality from prostate cancer was nonsignificantly higher in exposed men. The experience of severe starvation and stress during childhood and adolescence may have long-term effects on cancer in surviving men and women. ' 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: breast cancer; caloric restriction; prostate cancer; siege of Leningrad; starvation It has been hypothesized that caloric restriction can prevent cancer in humans, 1 including breast cancer. 2 However, the risk of breast cancer was increased in a dose-response manner in women who were exposed to a short but severe caloric restriction as children during the 1944-1945 Dutch famine.3 An earlier study of the Dutch famine also found statistically significantly increased risk of breast cancer in women exposed to dietary restriction during or shortly after the adolescent growth spurt period. 4 Further studies of men and women exposed to the Dutch famine in childhood showed that total cancer risk, exclusive of breast cancer, was not affected by the famine in women 5 and that famine was nonsignificantly associated with increased prostate cancer risk in men 6 and decreased colon cancer risk in both men and women. A study examining female survivors of the German Occupation of Guernsey 1940Guernsey -1945 found that women who remained in Guernsey during the Occupation experienced on an average delayed menarche and a nonsignificantly increased risk of breast cancer.8 Recent analyses of Jewish Holocaust survivors residing in Israel found significantly higher cancer risk in the exposed men and women, with the strongest effects seen for breast and colorectal cancers and for those exposed prior to adolescence. The starvation experienced by the population of Leningrad in 1941-1944 provides a unique opportunity to replicate and compare the results from the Dutch and other famine studies. The siege of Leningrad by German troops during World War II lasted from September 1941 to January 1944 and resulted i...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants In the Us-ussr Lipid Research Clinics Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer mortality in women and men who survived the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

Koupil

Plavinskaja

Parfenova

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…An association between lifestyle-related risk factors and educational difference in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, similar to that in western countries, has been found among Russian men, but among women the role of these factors was less obvious [20,21]. Therefore it is of interest to analyse lifestyle pathways between socioeconomic position and health among Russian women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

Dubikaytis

Härkänen

Regushevskaya

et al. 2014

Int J Equity Health

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IntroductionSocial determinants of health have not been intensively studied in Russia, even though the health divide has been clearly demonstrated by an increased mortality rate among those with low education. A comparative analysis of social health determinants in countries with different historical and economic backgrounds may provide useful evidence for addressing health inequalities. We aimed to assess socioeconomic determinants of self-rated health in St. Petersburg as compared to Estonia and Finland.MethodsData for women aged 18–44 were extracted from existing population-based surveys and analysed. In St. Petersburg the data were originally collected in 2003 (response rate 68%), in Estonia in 2004–2005 (54%), and in Finland in 2000–2001 (86%). The study samples comprised 865 women in St. Petersburg, 2141 in Estonia and 1897 in Finland.ResultsSelf-rated health was much poorer in St. Petersburg than in Estonia or Finland. High education was negatively associated with poor self-rated health in all the studied populations; it was (partially) mediated via health behaviour and limiting long-term illness only in Estonia and Finland, but not in St. Petersburg. High personal income and employment did not associate with poor self-rated health among St. Petersburg women, as it did in Estonia and Finland. In St. Petersburg housewives rather than employed women had better self-rated health, unlike the two other areas.ConclusionWomen’s self-rated health in St. Petersburg varied similarly by education but differently by income and employment as compared to Estonia and Finland. Education is likely the most meaningful dimension of women’s socioeconomic position in St. Petersburg. More research is needed to further clarify the pathways between socioeconomic position and health in Russia.

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“…The only longitudinal study which included women was undertaken in 1980s. It studied effects of conventional risk factors and disregarded exposure to alcohol (24). The only large study where effects of alcohol consumption on mortality were assessed in women had obvious methodological limitations: a case-control design, the crude measurement of exposure to alcohol (in bottles of vodka consumed per week), a high probability of recall bias (data were collected 8-9 years after death from a proxy-respondent), low response rate of 25% and a questionable selection of the reference group(15).…”

Section: Cvd-death and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Northwest Russia: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study

Sidorenkov

Nilssen

Grjibovski

2012

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE:To study the factors associated with high cardiovascular (CVD) and allcause mortality in Russia. METHODS:A prospective cohort study of 1966 men and 1738 women aged 18 years or more was performed in Arkhangelsk. The baseline examination was in 1999-2000. An average follow-up was 10.2 years. Information on life-style, marital, educational and psycho-social status was self-reported in a questionnaire. Data on risk factors were collected in a medical examination which included blood sampling. RESULTS:To the October 2010 a total of 147 male and 95 women deaths occurred. In 59 male and 20 female deaths where diagnosis was made by a forensic pathologist, the autopsy data were studied to extract information on post-mortem Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). A positive BAC was found in 21(36%) of male and 6(30%) of female deaths. Women reporting a consumption of 80g alcohol or more at least monthly and a consumption of 5 alcohol units or more on one drinking episode had higher risk of cardiovascular death than abstainers (RR was 5.06 (1.54-16.7) and 3.21 (1.07-9.58), respectively). ApoB/ApoA1-ratio was the strongest predictor of CVD and all-cause death in men ), respectively) and CVD death in women: RR 3.12 (1. 08-8.98). Men with obesity and university education had 40% lower risk of all-cause death. Low serum albumin was associated with high mortality in both genders. CONCLUSIONS:Hazardous alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor of CVD mortality also in women. The mechanisms behind its damaging effect are yet not clear.Nutritional factors such as serum albumin are important. Further studies are needed.3

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Correlates of Mortality in Russian and US Women

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Cancer mortality in women and men who survived the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

Cancer mortality in women and men who survived the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

Determinants of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Northwest Russia: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study

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