Correlates of low serum lipid levels among the Evenki herders of Siberia

Leonard, William R.; Crawford, Michael H.; Comuzzie, Anthony G.; Sukernik, Rem I.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310060308

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A modern lifestyle was associated with higher adiposity, particularly in females, suggesting a positive energy balance. A number of studies among circumpolar groups documented an increase in serum lipids following the adoption of a modern lifestyle, characterized by wage employment, residence in urbanized locations, declines in physical activity, and changes in diet (Leonard et al, 1994(Leonard et al, , 2002cYoung et al, 1995;Rode and Shephard, 1995a,b;Shephard and Rode, 1996). Among North American circumpolar groups, the traditional sources of fats are a mixture of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health consequences of postsocialist transition: Dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in Yakutia

et al. 2005

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The rapid social and cultural changes introduced by the collapse of the Soviet Union have resulted in important differences in cardiovascular health for indigenous Siberians. This study investigated diet and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in the Yakut, an indigenous Siberian herding population. The study used a cross-sectional design with data on 201 subjects in three urbanized towns and three rural communities in northeastern Siberia. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intake, and material lifestyle were collected, and lipids were analyzed from venous whole blood. Diet was analyzed using patterns of dietary intake based on principal components analysis of a dietary intake (food frequency) questionnaire. We identified three diet patterns: a traditional subsistence diet, a market foods diet, and a mixed diet. The effect of lifestyle on cardiovascular risk factors was measured using an ethnographically defined lifestyle index, with two orthogonal dimensions: subsistence lifestyle and modern lifestyle. Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher among those consuming a traditional subsistence diet of meat and dairy products. A modern lifestyle was associated with lower TC and LDL but higher adiposity and higher risk of obesity. LDL and TC were higher in rural communities and lower in urbanized towns. The significantly higher lipid levels associated with a subsistence diet and indirectly with a subsistence lifestyle indicate the emergence of a significant health problem associated with the social and cultural changes occurring in Yakutia today. These findings underscore the need for dietary modification and promotion of physical activity among those most at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, these results differ from those commonly seen in "modernizing" populations, in that elements of subsistence lifestyle are associated with an elevated rather than reduced risk of CVD. Such variable responses to lifestyle change emphasize the need to better understand the distinct social and historical events that may influence health changes among populations in transition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health consequences of postsocialist transition: Dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in Yakutia

et al. 2005

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“…Recent studies further confirm that little acculturation to a sedentary lifestyle has occurred. Relatively high levels of total daily energy expenditure (males: 11.8 MJ; females 8.6 MJ, Katzmarzyk et al, 1994) and low cholesterol levels relative to North American populations have been reported for the Evenki (Leonard et al, 1994a). With access to their remote villages and brigades only by bushplane or helicopter, the Evenki and Keto have remained largely isolated from the rest of Russia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predicted maximal oxygen consumption of indigenous Siberians

Katzmarzyk

Leonard

Crawford

et al. 1994

American J Hum Biol

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This study presents physical fitness data on two indigenous Siberian populations, the Evenki and Keto. The Canadian Aerobic Test of Fitness (CATF) was utilized to provide estimates of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O max) for a sample of 44 subjects (30 males, 14 females) as baseline data for further studies on changing fitness levels and the health problems associated with acculturation. Estimates of V̇O max average 46.2 ml kg min for males and 33.9 ml kg min for females. These values are comparable to those previously reported for other semisubsistence, cold adapted populations. The Siberian groups are below the Canadian norms in the 15-19 year age range, and thereafter track at about the 50th percentile throughout adulthood. This suggests that the cardiorespiratory systems of adult Evenki and Keto are functionally comparable to the average adult Canadian. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…The Evenki population numbered approximately 30,000 at the last major census (Fondahl 1997). Additional information on the study population, as well as on the Evenki in general, can be found in Leonard et al (1994Leonard et al ( , 1996Leonard et al ( , 2002a) and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations

Leonard

Snodgrass²,

Sorensen

2005

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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117

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Previous research has suggested that arctic populations have elevated metabolic rates in response to their cold, marginal climate. Recent studies of indigenous Siberian groups have confirmed these earlier findings and have shed light on the mechanisms through which northern populations adapt to their environments. Indigenous Siberians show significant elevations in basal metabolic rate compared with reference values. Total energy expenditure is variable across Siberian groups and is correlated with levels of acculturation. Siberian populations appear to have adapted to cold stress through both short-term acclimatization and genetic adaptations, with thyroid hormones playing an important role in shaping metabolic responses. Elevated metabolic rates also have important consequences for health and may contribute to the low serum lipid levels observed in Siberian groups. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic adaptation and their implications for ongoing health changes among indigenous Siberians.

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Correlates of low serum lipid levels among the Evenki herders of Siberia

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Health consequences of postsocialist transition: Dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in Yakutia

Health consequences of postsocialist transition: Dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma lipids in Yakutia

Predicted maximal oxygen consumption of indigenous Siberians

Metabolic Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations

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