Correlates of khat use during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Nakajima, Motohiro; Gerbaba, Mulusew; Taha, Mohammed; Tesfaye, Markos; Gudina, Esayas Kebede; Lemieux, Andrine; Hoffman, Richard; Al’Absi, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.008

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, family issues included items that describe unfavourable views toward khat use among women. Evidence indicates linkages between khat use and delivery complications and negative mood during pregnancy . In general, khat use has been stigmatised in East Africa and Middle East countries .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These results collectively indicated that khat users underestimated negative health consequences while overestimating positive health effects of khat relative to non‐users. This is consistent with our previous research on khat use in Ethiopia as well as studies on other substances showing that positive attitude and perception toward a drug is associated with maintenance of use .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale

Nakajima

Hoffman

Alsameai

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale

Nakajima

Hoffman

Alsameai

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

Self Cite

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“…Although Khat has short term stimulant and euphoric effects, it has linked to long term consequences which can produce biological, social or psychological impact on the mother and fetus [12,13] and it is highly recommended to be totally avoided during pregnancy [14][15][16]. Khat chewing also results in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as sexual difficulties, lowering libidos, decreasing food intake, decreasing of utro-placental blood flow which may result in teratogenic effects, impairment of fetal growth and low birth weight [12,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of Khat use and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Gedeo zone health centers, southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

2020

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Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a fresh green leave commonly chewed for recreational purpose and its euphoric effect as a result of dopamine activities stimulation effect of Khat. Women may use Khat during their pregnancy to tolerate their pregnancy related distress. Khat has biological, social or psychological complications; adverse pregnancy outcomes and negatively affects the health of the mother and the fetus. However, magnitude, pattern and associated factors of Khat use are not well addressed among pregnant women in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to address this gap by assessing the magnitude and associated factors of Khat use among women attending antenatal care service at Gedeo zone rural health centers. Methods: This was a facility based cross-sectional study conducted at rural health centers in Gedeo zone from June 1 st to August 1 st , 2017. The data were collected through structured interview using an interview guide developed from different literatures. A total of 718 pregnant women attending antenatal care service participated in the study using multi stage sampling technique. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were used to identify associated factors of Khat use among women during their current pregnancy period. In the multivariable analysis, variables with P-Values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant correlates of Khat use. The strength of the association was also measured with adjusted odds ratio at a corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: The lifetime and current prevalence of khat use among pregnant women were 11.0% (95%CI: 8.8-13.2) and 9.9% (95% CI: 7.7-12), respectively. The odds of being khat user was higher among those who had khat user partner [AOR = 3.450, 95% C.I (1.907-6.244)], respondents with alcohol use behavior [AOR = 3.235, 95% C.I (1.573-6.659)] and mental distress [AOR = 3.575, 95% C.I (2.067-6.189)]. Conclusion: Significant proportions of pregnant women were experiencing khat chewing during pregnancy. Having khat user partner, alcohol use behavior and metal distress were significantly associated with khat use of pregnant women. This demonstrates a need to integrate the prevention, early identification and intervention of Khat use as a component of treatment modality for pregnant women during their antenatal visit.

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“…In Ethiopia, chewing of khat is becoming habitual and increasing at an alarming rate with an estimated prevalence ranged from 30% to50% (10)(11)(12)(13). According to 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), around 27% of men and 12% of women had history of khat chewing (14) with up to 65% during pregnancy (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Khat chewing has different socio-economic, psycho-social, physical and environmental impact (1, 5, 12, 13, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bifftu¹

2020

Preprint

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Background Khat (Catha edulis) is a flowering green plant mainly chewed for recreational. Khat chewing is becoming on rising at alarming rate and adversely affects the socio-economic, psycho-social, and physical health including the health of the fetus. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy and its associated factors. Methods Databases: PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and AJOL were searched. Weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by Cochrane chi-square and quantified by I2 statistics test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Sensitivity test and subgroup analysis were also performed. Results In this study, a total of 9,915 study participants were included from 22 studies. The pooled prevalence of khat chewing was found to be 20% (95% CI; 14%-27%). Tests of heterogeneity demonstrated evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 98.46%, p < 0.001). However, the analysis of sensitivity tests and publication bias showed absence of influential study and publication bias [Egger’s test (P = 0.02)]. Factors such as: being Muslim, lower educational status, family history of mental illness, and partner previous history of khat chewing were associated with khat chewing. Conclusion One in five pregnant women has history of khat chewing. Thus, authors’ suggest the need of screening for khat chewing as an integrated part of Antenatal care.

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Correlates of khat use during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Development of the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale

Development of the Khat Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception Scale

Magnitude of Khat use and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Gedeo zone health centers, southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

Prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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