Correlates of inter-birth intervals: Implications of optimal birth spacing strategies in Mozambique

RamaRao, Saumya; Townsend, John W.; Askew, Ian

doi:10.31899/rh4.1191

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This result can also be ascribed to the fact that married/formerly married women are more secure since they have a father for their child/children and so they may be hesitant to categorize their pregnancy as unintended compared with those who were never in a union. The observed association of marital status and unintended pregnancies is coherent with another study conducted in Tanzania (Calvert et al, 2013) and studies conducted elsewhere (RamaRao et al, 2006;Ikamari et al, 2013). This reaffirms that family planning and reproductive health programmes should not be limited to married women and older women because reaching out to unmarried young women with appropriate interventions can help to decrease mistimed pregnancies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Adhikari¹,

Acharya²,

Rijal

et al. 2019

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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Unwanted and mistimed pregnancies impose threats on the health and well-being of the mother and child and limit the acquisition of optimal sexual and reproductive health services, especially in resource-constrained settings like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among women in the DRC. Data were drawn from the 2013–14 DRC Demographic Health Survey (EDS-RDC II). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies. Sequential logistic regression modelling including distal (place of residence), intermediate (socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors) and proximal (reproductive health and family planning) factors was performed using multivariate analysis. More than a quarter (28%) of pregnancies were reported as unintended (23% mistimed and 5% unwanted). Women who wanted no more children (aOR 1.21; CI: 1.01, 1.44) had less than 24 months of birth spacing (aOR 2.14; CI: 1.80, 2.54) and those who intended to use a family planning method (aOR 1.24; CI: 1.01, 1.52) reported more often that their last pregnancy was mistimed. Women with five or more children (aOR 2.13; CI: 1.30, 3.49), those wanting no more children (aOR 13.07; CI: 9.59, 17.81) and those with more than 48 months of birth spacing (aOR 2.31; CI: 1.26, 4.23) were more likely to report their last pregnancy as unwanted. The high rate of unintended pregnancies in the DRC shows the urgency to act on the fertility behaviour of women. The associated intermediate factors for mistimed and unwanted pregnancy indicate the need to accelerate family planning programmes, particularly for women of high parity and those who want no more children. Likewise, health promotion measures at the grassroots level to ensure women’s empowerment and increase women’s autonomy in health care are necessary to address the social factors associated with mistimed pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Adhikari¹,

Acharya²,

Rijal

et al. 2019

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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“…Education of husband was a significant factor. This is supported by a study in Mozambique by RamaRao et al (2006). De la Paz (2010) also found that husband's education had an effect at each birth spacing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Breastfeeding as a Time-Varying–Time-Dependent Factor for Birth Spacing: Multivariate Models with Validations and Predictions

Singh

Tripathi²,

Singh³

et al. 2012

whp

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Data used in the present study are from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-I) 1992-93 (International Institute for Population Sciences 1995), India. Our study has developed Cox model analyses to see the effect of breastfeeding as a time-varying and time-dependent factor on birth spacing. While it is acknowledged that breastfeeding has a protective effect on birth spacing, such analysis of breastfeeding allows for a more nuanced understanding of that effect. Multivariate analysis revealed that breastfeeding, ever experience of fetal loss, education of women, employment status of women, education of husband, media exposure, survival status of index child and place of residence played an important part in extending birth space in at least one of the birth-spacing intervals (first to fifth). However, the variables varied from the first birth spacing to the fifth birth spacing. Breastfeeding is the only covariate found to be a significant protective factor associated with each birth spacing. Furthermore, this study validates the developed models with their prediction utilities for birth spacing.

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“…Younger women are generally more fertile and more sexually active; very young women are likely to be economically disadvantaged, and may have less access to and use of modern contraception, which can explain this association [34][35][36], though the way this plays out will depend on the local context of each region. Older women are likely to have reached their desired family size and are less fertile, and therefore prone to prolong birth intervals [37,38].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study, however, reported opposite results. Highly educated women tend to delay their first pregnancy [39] and RamaRao et al [37] hypothesized that educated women may want to compress motherhood into fewer years and therefore are likely to have shorter birth intervals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with short birth interval in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Pimentel

Ansari

Omer

et al. 2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: There is ample evidence of associations between short birth interval and adverse maternal and child health outcomes, including infant and maternal mortality. Short birth interval is more common among women in low-and middle-income countries. Identifying actionable aspects of short birth interval is necessary to address the problem. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to systematize evidence on risk factors for short birth interval in low-and middle-income countries. Methods: A systematic mixed studies review searched PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Popline databases for empirical studies on the topic. We included documents in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese, without date restriction. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to conduct a quality appraisal of the included studies. To accommodate variable definition of factors and outcomes, we present only a narrative synthesis of the findings. Results: Forty-three of an initial 2802 documents met inclusion criteria, 30 of them observational studies and 14 published after 2010. Twenty-one studies came from Africa, 18 from Asia, and four from Latin America. Thirty-two reported quantitative studies (16 studies reported odds ratio or relative risk, 16 studies reported hazard ratio), 10 qualitative studies, and one a mixed-methods study. Studies most commonly explored education and age of the mother, previous pregnancy outcome, breastfeeding, contraception, socioeconomic level, parity, and sex of the preceding child. For most factors, studies reported both positive and negative associations with short birth interval. Shorter breastfeeding and female sex of the previous child were the only factors consistently associated with short birth interval. The quantitative and qualitative studies reported largely non-overlapping results.

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Correlates of inter-birth intervals: Implications of optimal birth spacing strategies in Mozambique

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Breastfeeding as a Time-Varying–Time-Dependent Factor for Birth Spacing: Multivariate Models with Validations and Predictions

Factors associated with short birth interval in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

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