Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users

Doherty, Meg; Garfein, Richard S.; Monterroso, Edgar; Brown, Donald A.; Vlahov, David

doi:10.1097/00002030-200004140-00011

Cited by 172 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Some studies have shown that women IDUs' social networks contain more IDUs than those of male injectors and that there is greater overlap between women's sexual and injection networks, perhaps because women's drug use is more stigmatised and thus more isolating than men's. 23 …”

Section: Women Who Inject Drugs Are Especially Vulnerablementioning

confidence: 99%

Women, Harm Reduction and HIV

Pinkham¹,

Malinowska-Sempruch²

2008

Reproductive Health Matters

105

117

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Section: Women Who Inject Drugs Are Especially Vulnerablementioning

confidence: 99%

Women, Harm Reduction and HIV

Pinkham¹,

Malinowska-Sempruch²

2008

Reproductive Health Matters

105

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…found a disturbingly high prevalence of hepatitis C (65%), hepatitis B (50%), and HIV (14%) infections among injectors who had injected for one year or less. Unsafe sexual or injection practices convey significant risk for these infections among young, short-term injectors (45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample identified drug users who would not be found in treatment settings or recruited through street and community outreach. Most (87%) of this community sample of injectors are non-Hispanic whites, while many studies of injectors have consisted of primarily ethnic minorities (18,23,26,27,44,45,58).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among injectors under age 26, few (18%) ceased illicit drug use. Young, recent onset injectors are at particularly high risk for HIV and hepatitis virus infections, even within the first 3 years of initiating injection (44)(45)(46)58,61). They deserve greater attention for both primary and targeted prevention efforts.…”

Section: Summary and Public Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injection Drug Use Among Stimulant Users in a National Sample

Pilowsky

Wechsberg

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Objective-This study examined the correlates of injection drug use (IDU) in a community sample of psychostimulant users. Factors related to the cessation of illicit drug use and substance abuse service utilization were also determined among a subsample of stimulant users who reported IDU.Method-The study sample consisted of 3408 lifetime psychostimulant users from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Logistic regression procedures were used to estimate independent associations of correlates of IDU.Results-Approximately one in seven lifetime stimulant users reported IDU in their lifetime. Stimulant users with a lifetime history of IDU were more likely than those who did not inject to be African-American, not have received a high school diploma, have a history of multiple drug use, and report an onset of stimulant use before age 18. Among recent stimulant users, being aged 26 or older, using stimulants at least weekly, and getting drunk in the past year were associated with increased odds of recent IDU. Only one-half of all injection drug users reported having ever used substance abuse services. Cessation of illicit drug use among injectors with a history of stimulant use is common (44%).Conclusions-Further studies should clarify the natural history of IDU among stimulant users, including the cessation of drug use without participating in substance abuse treatment services. KeywordsAlcohol use; Injection drug use; Methamphetamine; NHSDA; Stimulants Reports tracking U.S. drug use trends have suggested an increase in the use of methamphetamine or amphetamine and in the intravenous administration of these drugs (1-6). Both noninjection and injection users of methamphetamine engage in high rates of sexual risk behaviors (7-11). These behaviors and the increased prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) place stimulant users at increased risk for HIV and hepatitis virus infections (8,9,12,13). For instance, a study of 807 prison inmates found that 37% of methamphetamine users reported IDU in the 6 months preceding their current incarceration compared with 11% of other drug users (14). Methamphetamine-using injection drug users (IDUs) are more likely than injectors who do not use methamphetamine to inject drugs with used needles or syringes, to share needles, and to use unbleached injection equipment (9). Methamphetamine users who become IDUs tend to use methamphetamine heavily and have comorbid psychiatric problems (15). Other characteristics related to becoming injectors may include the use of multiple drugs, heavy alcohol use, and early onset of gateway drugs (16-18). IDUs appear to represent a subgroup of long-term, chronic drug users. Those who reported ever receiving any drug abuse treatment started their drug use early and tended to continue using drugs for a long period of time (23,24). Many injectors, particularly those in drug abuse treatment, reported an injection history of more than 10 years (24,25). Liebman et al (23). found that the mean age of first injection was 20.7 years, with a mean of 1...

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“…25,41,45,46 Sex Contributes to HIV Transmission among IDUs Sexual transmission accounts for some of the early HIV infections seen in young people just beginning to inject. 47,48 MSM/IDUs are at particularly high risk for HIV. 23,47 Women who have sex with women and inject drugs (WSW/IDUs) have greater risk behaviors, highrisk sexual and injection networks, and socio-environmental stressors than other women IDUs.…”

Section: 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and Overview of Practical Epidemiologic Aspects of HIV/AIDS among Injection Drug Users in the United States

Garfein²,

et al. 2006

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In a changing public health landscape in which local, state, and federal agencies must confront threats of bioterrorism, emerging infections, and numerous chronic diseases, transmission of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs) continues to be an important public health issue and one of the driving forces behind the HIV epidemic. Using a computerized MEDLINE search of published articles from January 1981 through October 2005, we conducted a literature review of practical epidemiologic aspects of HIV/AIDS among IDUs in the United States. Although recent trends indicate a decline in the proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections associated with injection drug use, drug-use behaviors overall still account for 32% of new HIV diagnoses. Factors in addition to syringe sharing contribute to HIV transmission among IDUs: risky sexual behaviors, sharing of drug preparation equipment and drug solutions, and contextual and social factors. Promising approaches for HIV prevention include rapid HIV testing, office-based substance abuse treatment, behavioral interventions, improved communication about syringe exchange programs, and case management. HIV among IDUs continues to be an important public health problem in the 21st century. It is imperative that public health agencies continue to monitor and combat the HIV epidemic among IDUs to ensure that hard-won gains will not be eroded.

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Correlates of HIV infection among young adult short-term injection drug users

Cited by 172 publications

References 21 publications

Women, Harm Reduction and HIV

Women, Harm Reduction and HIV

Injection Drug Use Among Stimulant Users in a National Sample

Update and Overview of Practical Epidemiologic Aspects of HIV/AIDS among Injection Drug Users in the United States

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