Correlates of depression among internally displaced persons after post-election violence in Kaduna, North Western Nigeria

Sheikh, Taiwo Lateef; Mohammed, Abdulaziz; Agunbiade, Samuel; Ike, Joseph; Ebiti, Bill; Adekeye, Oluwatosin

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.050

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Although female adolescent IDPs were less exposed to psycho-trauma, all of the probable and definitive PTSD cases were females. This finding is similar to that of the adults IDPs (3) and could be explained by the higher risk of developing PTSD by females (24). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Studies conducted among adults IDPs in the same camp indicated 42% of the 258 adults IDPs had a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with more than half experiencing 11–15 traumatic events (2). About 60 and 16% of the adult IDPs had probable depression and definite depression, respectively (3). Due to several factors such as developmental stage, level of cognitive and emotional maturity, and limited coping strategies, the psychological reactions in children may differ from those in adults (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive Characterization of Psycho-Trauma, Psychological Distress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescent Internally Displaced Persons in Kaduna, Nigeria

Sheikh

Mohammed²,

Eseigbe

et al. 2016

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundA postelection violent conflict in Kaduna resulted in 800 deaths and 65,000 displaced people leading to setting up of camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs). We set out to determine the prevalence and pattern of psycho-traumatic stressful life events, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among child/adolescents IDPs.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study of 73 child/adolescent IDPs were selected by total sampling. Stressful life event checklist measured conflict-related trauma and reaction of adolescents to traumatic stress (RATS) measured post-trauma reaction of children/adolescents. Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 37 for Adolescents measured psychological distress associated with trauma. Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children was used for diagnosis of PTSD.ResultsOf 73 respondents, 3 (4.1%) had probable PTSD, 2 (2.7%) had definitive PTSD, and mean score of the child/adolescent IDPs on HSCL-37A and RATS was 44.7 (SD = 6.3) and 31.9 (SD = 5.7), respectively. Most frequently occurring psychological distress among female participants was suddenly scared for no reason 7 (19.5%) and becoming angry easily and feeling fearful 5 (13.9%). The average score for female participants were higher than that for males on depressive and anxiety subscale of HSCL-37A.ConclusionWe concluded that children/adolescent IDPs were exposed to psycho-trauma following postelection violent conflict and developed psychological distress. However, the low prevalence of psychological distress and PTSD suggested that living with parents and psychosocial intervention provided could have led to much lower morbidity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive Characterization of Psycho-Trauma, Psychological Distress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescent Internally Displaced Persons in Kaduna, Nigeria

Sheikh

Mohammed²,

Eseigbe

et al. 2016

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Previous studies conducted in north central and north western Nigeria by (Agbir et al, 2017;Sheikh et al, 2015), found a 62.3% and 59.7% prevalence of depression among internally displaced persons following political and ethno-religious violence in these areas. However, we are not aware of any Nigerian study that narrowed their findings to mental disorders in relation to household statuses of victims of armed-conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Armed Conflict and Depression among Heads of Households in Dogonahawa, North-Central Nigeria: Prevalence and Correlates

Taru¹,

Audu²,

Philip³

et al. 2018

OJD

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Background and Aim: Research has shown that 30%-70% of people who have lived in war zones suffer from symptoms of depression, with exceptionally high rates documented among heads of households. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression among victims of armed-conflict in Dogonahawa, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A multistage sampling of households was employed to select 270 respondents aged ≥ 18 years. A face-to-face interview was conducted using the Revised Beck Depression Inventory-11 to collect data on depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 38.5% in all respondents, 45.2% and 28.6% among heads of households and the dependants respectively. The odds of having depression was more than twice among heads of households with income below N20,000.00 compared to those earning above N50,000.00 (OR = 3.02, P = 0.253), but was decreased among males, those engaged in professional jobs and those with household size of less than five members compared to females, being engaged in non professional jobs and having more than five household members respectively (OR = 0.198, P = 0.002; OR = 0.049 and OR = 0.199; P = 0.012 and OR = 0.193; P = 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The results point to the importance of disaster preparedness generally and specifically, with particular attention to household heads who are females, non professionals, with low income and larger household size.

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“…Contacts or survivors who have lost close relations should be considered at high risk of developing psychological distress or even psychological disorders. Loss of a relation is a traumatic experience that has been shown to be a predictor of PTSD [20] and depression [24] among persons exposed to traumatic experience in Nigeria. Therefore the psychosocial response team for EVD outbreak should prioritize this subgroup of contacts and survivors for special monitoring and evaluation.…”

Section: Losing Confidence In Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross sectional study − 2014

et al. 2015

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BackgroundBy September 2014, an outbreak of Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) in West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Nigeria, had recorded over 4500 and 2200 probable or confirmed cases and deaths respectively. EVD, an emerging infectious disease, can create fear and panic among patients, contacts and relatives, which could be a risk factor for psychological distress. Psychological distress among this subgroup could have public health implication for control of EVD, because of potential effects on patient management and contact tracing. We determined the Prevalence, pattern and factors associated with psychological distress among survivors and contacts of EVD and their relatives.MethodsIn a descriptive cross sectional study, we used General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress and Oslo Social Support Scale to assess social support among 117 participants who survived EVD, listed as EVD contacts or their relatives at Ebola Emergency Operation Center in Lagos, Nigeria. Factors associated with psychological distress were determined using chi square/odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio.ResultsThe mean age and standard deviation of participants was 34 +/ - 9.6 years. Of 117 participants, 78 (66.7 %) were females, 77 (65.8 %) had a tertiary education and 45 (38.5 %) were health workers. Most frequently occurring psychological distress were inability to concentrate (37.6 %) and loss of sleep over worry (33.3 %). Losing a relation to EVD outbreak (OR = 6.0, 95 % CI, 1.2–32.9) was significantly associated with feeling unhappy or depressed while being a health worker was protective (OR = 0.4, 95 % CI, 0.2–0.9). Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) showed losing a relation (AOR = 5.7, 95 % CI, 1.2–28.0) was a predictor of “feeling unhappy or depressed”, loss of a relation (AOR = 10.1, 95 % CI, 1.7–60.7) was a predictor of inability to concentrate.ConclusionsSurvivors and contacts of EVD and their relations develop psychological distress. Development of psychological distress could be predicted by loss of family member. It is recommended that psychiatrists and other mental health specialists be part of case management teams. The clinical teams managing EVD patients should be trained on recognition of common psychological distress among patients. A mental health specialist should review contacts being monitored for EVD for psychological distress or disorders.

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Correlates of depression among internally displaced persons after post-election violence in Kaduna, North Western Nigeria

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Descriptive Characterization of Psycho-Trauma, Psychological Distress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescent Internally Displaced Persons in Kaduna, Nigeria

Descriptive Characterization of Psycho-Trauma, Psychological Distress, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescent Internally Displaced Persons in Kaduna, Nigeria

Armed Conflict and Depression among Heads of Households in Dogonahawa, North-Central Nigeria: Prevalence and Correlates

An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross sectional study − 2014

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