Correlates and characteristics of adolescents' encoded emotional arousal during family conflict.

Baucom, Brian R.; Saxbe, Darby; Ramos, Michelle C.; Spies, Lauren A.; Iturralde, Esti; Duman, Sarah; Margolin, Gayla

doi:10.1037/a0028872

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Mean f 0 is highly correlated with perceived pitch (up to r = .9) and is widely interpreted as a measure of vocally encoded emotional arousal (Juslin & Scherer, 2005; Kappas et al, 1991; Russell, Bachorowski, & Fernández-Dols, 2003). Vocally encoded emotional arousal refers to the degree of emotional activation conveyed by the voice (e.g., high = excited, angry, or nervous; low = bored, calm, or content), and higher levels of f 0 have been linked to higher levels of physiological (e.g., higher heart rate, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and greater cortisol output; Scherer, 1989; Weusthoff, Baucom, & Hahlweg, 2013) and self-reported emotional arousal (e.g., Baucom et al, 2012). A series of studies indicate that f 0 converges as dyads converse (see Gregory, 1990; Gregory, Webster, & Huang, 1990).…”

Section: Empathy and Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encoded arousal.

Imel

Barco

Brown

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Empathy is a critical ingredient in motivational interviewing (MI) and in psychotherapy generally. It is typically defined as the ability to experience and understand the feelings of another. Basic science indicates that empathy is related to the development of synchrony in dyads. However, in clinical research, empathy has proved difficult to operationalize and measure, and has mostly relied on the felt sense of observers, clients, or therapists. We extracted estimates of therapist and standardized patient (SP) vocally encoded arousal (mean fundamental frequency; mean f0) in 89 MI sessions with high and low empathy ratings from independent observers. We hypothesized (a) therapist and SP mean f0 would be correlated and (b) the correlation of therapist and SP mean f0 would be greater in sessions with high empathy as compared with low. On the basis of a multivariate mixed model, the correlation between therapist and SP mean f0 was large (r = .71) and close to 0 in randomly assigned therapist–SP dyads (r = −.08). The association was higher in sessions with high empathy ratings (r = .80) than in sessions with low ratings (r = .36). There was strong evidence for vocal synchrony in clinical dyads as well as for the association of synchrony with empathy ratings, illustrating the relevance of basic psychological processes to clinical interactions. These findings provide initial evidence for an objective and nonobtrusive method for assessing therapist performance. Novel indicators of therapist empathy may have implications for the study of MI process as well as the training of therapists generally.

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Section: Empathy and Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encoded arousal.

Imel

Barco

Brown

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Self Cite

139

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HPA axis activation and the release of cortisol is one form of physiological arousal that has been associated with several forms of negative emotional arousal in childhood and adolescence including fear, sadness, crying, and anger arousal (Adam 2006; Baucom et al 2012; Fortunato et al 2008). HPA axis activation appears to be especially linked to responses to threatening situations (Dickerson et al 2008; Dickerson and Kemeny 2004; Gruenewald et al 2004; Rohleder et al 2007; Gunnar and Quevedo 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation

et al. 2015

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How are emotional processes associated with the increased rates of substance use and psychological disorders commonly observed during adolescence? An index of emotion-related physiological arousal—cortisol reactivity—and subjective emotion regulation have both been independently linked to substance use and psychological difficulties among youth. The current study (N = 134 adolescents) sought to elucidate the interactive effects of cortisol reactivity following a stressful parent–child interaction task and self-reported emotion regulation ability on adolescents’ substance use and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Results revealed that adolescents with low levels of cortisol reactivity and high emotion regulation difficulties were more likely to use substances, and also had the highest parent-reported symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. With respect to internalizing symptoms, high emotion-related physiological reactivity coupled with high emotion regulation difficulties were associated with higher self-reported major depression symptoms among youth. Findings reveal that different profiles of HPA axis arousal and emotion regulation are associated with substance use and symptoms of psychopathology among adolescents.

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“…In Baucom et al’s (2011) study, f 0 mean was derived from raw f 0 scores across the whole conversation. For a more detailed description of potential f 0 range indices, please see Table 1 in Baucom et al (2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The siren song of vocal fundamental frequency for romantic relationships

Weusthoff¹,

Baucom²,

Hahlweg³

2013

Front. Psychol.

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A multitude of factors contribute to why and how romantic relationships are formed as well as whether they ultimately succeed or fail. Drawing on evolutionary models of attraction and speech production as well as integrative models of relationship functioning, this review argues that paralinguistic cues (more specifically the fundamental frequency of the voice) that are initially a strong source of attraction also increase couples’ risk for relationship failure. Conceptual similarities and differences between the multiple operationalizations and interpretations of vocal fundamental frequency are discussed and guidelines are presented for understanding both convergent and non-convergent findings. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

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Correlates and characteristics of adolescents' encoded emotional arousal during family conflict.

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encoded arousal.

The association of therapist empathy and synchrony in vocally encoded arousal.

Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation

The siren song of vocal fundamental frequency for romantic relationships

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