Correlated neurocardiologic and fitness changes in athletes interrupting training

Frederiks, J.; Swenne, Cees A.; Bruschke, A. V. G.; Velde, Enno T. van der; Maan, Arie C.; TenVoorde, Ben J.; Vanrooijen, M. G. C.; Mosterd, W. L.; Schiereck, P.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200003000-00004

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increase in maximal O 2 uptake through aerobic training can lessen the age-related decrease of baroreflex sensitivity 78,79 . A program of mild-intensity exercises would be enough to show some improvement in the autonomic function of healthy adults 80 or those with chronic heart failure 81 , even without direct training supervision 82 ; changes on vagal activity caused by physical training would be central, possibly directly on baroreflex, whereas the sympathetic activity would be primarily related to peripheral changes (vasoconstriction) 82 .…”

Section: Effects On Exercise-hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heart-transplanted individuals have a significantly slower HR recovery at the first minute post-exercise when compared to apparently healthy individuals 113 , endorsing the idea from Perini et al 110 . Physical training can increase the delta between HR at the end of the exercise and at the beginning of recovery, and eight weeks of training would be enough to augment this difference within the first 30 seconds post-exercise 114 , with no differences in outcome for gender or age group 115 ; however, such adaptation may be lost in few weeks without training 79,114 . In children, recovery may be faster than in young adults due to their higher central cholinergic modulation 116 ; there are differences for elders as well, in whom decrease of post-exercise serum norepinephrine takes longer 117 .…”

Section: Effects On Hr Post-exercise Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aerobic training on heart rate

Almeida

Gil

Araújo³

2003

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Regular physical exercise is an important factor to reduce the indexes of cardiovascular and all causes morbimortality. However, there is, apparently, additional and independent benefits of the regular practice of physical exercise and the improvement of the level of aerobic condition. Heart rate (HR) is mediated primarily by the direct activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), specifically through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches activities over the sinus node autorhythmicity, with predominance of the vagal activity (parasympathetic) at rest, that is progressively inhibited since the onset of the exercise. The HR behavior has been widely studied during different conditions and protocols associated to the exercise. A reduction of the cardiac vagal tone (parasympathetic function) and consequently a diminished HR variability in rest, independently of the protocol of measurement used, is related to an autonomic dysfunction, chronic-degenerative diseases and increased mortality risk. Individuals with high levels of aerobic condition have a lower resting HR, along with a larger parasympathetic activity or smaller sympathetic activity, but it is not necessarily a direct consequence of the exercise training, as long as other inherent adaptations to the aerobic conditioning can influence the resting HR. The HR response in the onset of the exercise represents the integrity of the vagus nerve, and the HR recovery on the post-exercise transient also denotes important prognostic information; by the way, individuals that have a slow HR recovery in the first minute post-exercise have increased mortality risk. In conclusion, the physiological mechanisms modulating HR during or after an exercise program are not totally clear, and further studies are needed

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Section: Effects On Exercise-hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Hr Post-exercise Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aerobic training on heart rate

Almeida

Gil

Araújo³

2003

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Under normal conditions, the baroreflex has to correct the decreased blood pressure by eliminating vagal activity. Frederiks et al (9) showed that, in trained conditions, baroreflex sensitivity is decreased. Hence, in trained conditions with decreased baroreflex sensitivity, increased vagal activity at rest suddenly can become troublesome.…”

Section: H70mentioning

confidence: 99%

AV blocking due to asynchronous vagal stimulation in rats

Schiereck

Sanna

Mosterd

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the heart through two cervical vagal branches. The right vagal branch mainly influences the heart rate by the modulation of the rhythmogenesis of the sinoatrial node. The left branch predominantly influences the conduction properties of the atrioventricular (AV) node. We investigated the effect of asynchronous stimulation by the vagal nerves on the occurrence of irregularities in heart rate. In rats, the vagal nerves were isolated and cut. Different vagal stimulation patterns (continuous, pulsed) were applied. The heart was beating spontaneously under continuous vagal stimulation. In case of pulsed vagal stimulation, the atria were paced at different rates. Asynchronicity was induced by delaying the right stimulus with respect to the left stimulus (early right) or the left stimulus with respect to the right stimulus (early left). The value of the fraction of deviated R-R or P-Q intervals in the distribution in the histogram was used to characterize irregularities during a stimulation protocol (duration in case of continuous stimulation: 20 s; pulsed stimulation: 120 s). Under both stimulation patterns (continuous or pulsed), we found that early left vagal stimulation introduced a much larger fraction of deviated intervals in the R-R or P-Q histogram (in R-R: 29.1 +/- 4.9%; in P-Q: 12.90 +/- 1.95%) than early right vagal stimulation (in R-R: 7.4 +/- 2.0%; in P-Q: 1. 05 +/- 0.50%) or synchronous stimulation (in R-R: 8.2 +/- 3.6%; in P-Q: 2.15 +/- 0.75%). We conclude that early stimulation by the left vagal nerve can introduce irregularities in heart rate, mainly due to different degrees of AV nodal blockade.

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“…Algunas maniobras, como el estrés ortostático, la prueba presora de frío y el handgrip, entre otras, han sido utilizadas para estimular el sistema nervioso simpá-tico y han permitido la evaluación del funcionamiento del sistema cardiovascular con métodos no invasivos 18,19 . Un estímulo simpático puede generar respuestas agudas del sistema cardiovascular y desenmascarar cambios hemodinámicos y autonómicas que no son observados en reposo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified