Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

Park, Hyung-Bum; Zaghloul, Kareem A.; Zhang, Weiwei

doi:10.1177/0956797620903718

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hence, at the level of underlying representations, long-term and working memory share many similar neural processes but when it comes to actual, task-driven processing, they employ many different processes. This model not only works well with many recent demonstrations of neural similarities between perception, working memory, and LTM ( 71 ), but also could be expanded to account for cognitive similarities, rather than differences, between different clinical presentations of epilepsy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Cognitive impairments in epilepsy are not well-understood. In addition, long-term emotional, interpersonal, and social consequences of the underlying disturbances are important to evaluate.Purpose: To compare cognitive function including language in young adults with focal or generalized epilepsy. In addition, quality of life and self-esteem were investigated.Patients and Methods: Young adults with no primary intellectual disability, 17 with focal epilepsy and 11 with generalized epilepsy participated and were compared to 28 healthy controls. Groups were matched on age (mean = 26 years), sex, and education. Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks and carried out self-ratings of quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological problems.Results: Similar impairments regarding cognitive function were noted in focal and generalized epilepsy. The cognitive domains tested were episodic long-term memory, executive functions, attention, working memory, visuospatial functions, and language. Both epilepsy groups had lower results compared to controls (effect sizes 0.24–1.07). The total number of convulsive seizures was predictive of episodic long-term memory function. Participants with focal epilepsy reported lower quality of life than participants with generalized epilepsy. Lowered self-esteem values were seen in both epilepsy groups and particularly in those with focal epilepsy. Along with measures of cognitive speed and depression, the total number of seizures explained more than 50% of variation in quality of life.Conclusion: Interestingly, similarities rather than differences characterized the widespread cognitive deficits that were seen in focal and generalized epilepsy, ranging from mild to moderate. These similarities were modified by quality of life and self-esteem. This study confirms the notion that epilepsy is a network disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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“…Although likely not directly mapping onto prior distinctions made in the literature, it is possible that this apparent difference between encoding and retrieval effects in the HC could reflect differential demands on hippocampal function during memory encoding and retrieval. More specifically, hippocampal pattern separation during memory encoding may be critical for the storage of differentiated memory representations that can be later retrieved with high precision, in particular when feature overlap is high (i.e., when multiple objects encoded in similar colors or spatial locations; Xie, Park, Zaghloul, & Zhang, 2020;Moscovitch et al, 2016;Yassa & Stark, 2011;Norman & O'Reilly, 2003;Bakker, Kirwan, Miller, & Stark, 2008). At retrieval, hippocampal pattern completion is thought to enable access to stored memory representations when presented with a noisy or partial cue, resulting in a thresholded memory signal where only items above a certain criteria elicit successful retrieval (Norman, 2010;Norman & O'Reilly, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal–Cortical Encoding Activity Predicts the Precision of Episodic Memory

Korkki

Richter

Simons

2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Our recollections of past experiences can vary in both the number of specific event details accessible from memory and the precision with which such details are reconstructed. Prior neuroimaging evidence suggests the success and precision of episodic recollection to rely on distinct neural substrates during memory retrieval. In contrast, the specific encoding mechanisms supporting later memory precision, and whether they differ from those underlying successful memory formation in general, are currently unknown. Here, we combined continuous measures of memory retrieval with model-based analyses of behavioral and neuroimaging data to tease apart the encoding correlates of successful memory formation and mnemonic precision. In the MRI scanner, participants encoded object-scene displays and later reconstructed features of studied objects using a continuous scale. We observed overlapping encoding activity in inferior prefrontal and posterior perceptual regions to predict both which object features were later remembered versus forgotten and the precision with which they were reconstructed from memory. In contrast, hippocampal encoding activity significantly predicted the precision, but not overall success, of subsequent memory retrieval. The current results align with theoretical accounts proposing the hippocampus to be critical for representation of high-fidelity associative information and suggest a contribution of shared cortical encoding mechanisms to the formation of both accessible and precise memory representations.

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“…In this study, we examine whether sustained and spatial attention exert distinct or common influences on long-term memory encoding using behavioral and neural signatures. To measure long-term memory behavior with high sensitivity, we employed a continuous report task, in which participants report a particular dimension of a stimulus along a continuous space (Tompary, Zhou, & Davachi, 2020;Xie, Park, Zaghloul, & Zhang, 2020;Fan & Turk-Browne, 2016;Richter, Cooper, Bays, & Simons, 2016;Sutterer & Awh, 2016). To resolve the moment-bymoment influence of attention on long-term memory, we analyze multivariate EEG signals during time intervals before encoding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Attention and Spatial Attention Distinctly Influence Long-term Memory Encoding

deBettencourt

Williams

Vogel

et al. 2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Our attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between attention and memory, however, have largely treated “attention” as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of sustained attention and prioritization via covert spatial attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both sustained attention and spatial attention before stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low sustained attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of attention have robust but independent effects on long-term memory encoding. Finally, sustained and spatial attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point toward a taxonomy of the distinct attentional processes that constrain our memories.

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Correlated Individual Differences in the Estimated Precision of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: Commentary on the Study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

Hippocampal–Cortical Encoding Activity Predicts the Precision of Episodic Memory

Sustained Attention and Spatial Attention Distinctly Influence Long-term Memory Encoding

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