operatively and 3 died of sepsis after completion of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Three with pre-operative control of AIE left
VALVE SURGERYThe landmark paper by Frater and colleagues (2) in 1989 showed that human immuno-defi ciency virus (HIV+) patients could be taken through surgery successfully. Striking features were: all but 1 of the 10 patients having 11 valve replacements, for infective endocarditis (IE) were intravenous drug addicts (IVDA), and, further, despite conventional medical therapy, 7 of these still had active infective endocarditis (AIE) at surgery (Table 1)