Corrective Statements from the Tobacco Industry: More Evidence for Why We Need Effective Tobacco Control

Farber, Harold J.; Neptune, Enid; Ewart, Gary

doi:10.1513/annalsats.201711-845gh

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1 Judge Kessler ordered tobacco companies to sponsor the dissemination of these corrective messages through paid advertisements in major newspapers, on television, retail point-of-sale displays, cigarette package onserts, and their corporate websites. 1 Following several years of litigation and appeals, 2,3 the biggest tobacco companies in the United States began sponsoring antismoking advertisements, which appeared for the first time on prime time television and in major newspapers across the country in November 2017. 3,4 While the TV and newspaper advertising campaigns are now ended, court-ordered antismoking advertising via cigarette package onserts and tobacco company websites are ongoing, but point-of-sale displays remain subject to litigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Following several years of litigation and appeals, 2,3 the biggest tobacco companies in the United States began sponsoring antismoking advertisements, which appeared for the first time on prime time television and in major newspapers across the country in November 2017. 3,4 While the TV and newspaper advertising campaigns are now ended, court-ordered antismoking advertising via cigarette package onserts and tobacco company websites are ongoing, but point-of-sale displays remain subject to litigation. 5 Antismoking mass media campaigns are an effective public health intervention, [6][7][8] and Article 12 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control lists such campaigns as a measure that must be adopted by all countries to curb tobacco use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Court-Ordered Tobacco Industry Antismoking Advertisements Among US Adults

Chido-Amajuoyi

Agaku

et al. 2019

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCE In 2006, US District Judge Gladys Kessler ordered tobacco companies to make corrective statements through paid advertisements informing the public of their deceptive practices. This landmark ruling and its subsequent execution represent the first time the tobacco industry sponsored a nationwide corrective advertising campaign against its own products. OBJECTIVE To assess the reach of the court-ordered antismoking advertisements within the US adult population, stratified by demographic characteristics and tobacco use. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nationally representative, population-based crosssectional survey of US adults included respondents to the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycle 2. Respondents were representatives of households selected by equal-probability sampling of the Marketing Systems Group database of addresses that included all nonvacant US residential addresses. Data collection was conducted from January to May 2018, and analysis took place from December 2018 to April 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-reported exposure to court-ordered antismoking advertisements. RESULTS The overall sample of 3484 respondents included 2054 women (weighted percentage, 50.8%), 1976 non-Hispanic white respondents (weighted percentage, 59.9%), 2952 respondents who lived in urban US areas (weighted percentage, 84.9%), and 450 current smokers (weighted percentage, 15.6%). Estimated exposure to court-ordered antismoking advertisements was 40.6% (95% CI, 37.5%-43.7%) among the full sample and 50.5% (95% CI, 41.4%-59.6%) among current smokers. Exposure was lowest among those aged 18 to 34 years (37.4%; 95% CI, 28.0%-46.8%), those with a high school education or less (34.5%; 95% CI, 29.3%-39.8%), and those with household annual income less than $35 000 (37.5%; 95% CI, 32.0%-42.9%). Among current smokers, Hispanic respondents had lower exposure rates (42.2%; 95% CI, 18.5%-65.9%) than non-Hispanic white respondents (51.7%; 95% CI, 40.4%-63.1%). As the advertising campaign's duration increased, exposure rates increased. Individuals with a high school education or less had lower odds of antismoking advertisement exposure than those with college or postgraduate degrees (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.94). Current smokers had higher odds of exposure than never smokers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.17-2.80). Among those exposed to antismoking advertisements, 70.5% saw multiple antismoking messages. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Approximately 1 of 2 smokers reported exposure to the federal court-ordered antismoking advertisements. However, exposure was relatively lower among several subgroups, including individuals aged 18 to 34 years, only one-third of whom reported exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Court-Ordered Tobacco Industry Antismoking Advertisements Among US Adults

Chido-Amajuoyi

Agaku

et al. 2019

JAMA Netw Open

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“…In the PATH (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health) study, a longitudinal study of tobacco use based on a national representative sample of U.S. population aged 12 years or older, 65% of young adults aged 18-24 years and 50% of adults aged 25 years and older who had ever used e-cigarettes started with flavored e-cigarettes (6). In a 2017 press release, the American Thoracic Society voiced a concern that flavored e-cigarettes were attracting people to initiate e-cigarette use (7,8). Evidence also suggested that experimentation with flavored e-cigarettes might result in initiating combustible cigarette smoking (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users

Du¹,

Bascom²,

Fan³

et al. 2020

Annals ATS

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Rationale: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has rapidly increased in the United States, and thousands of e-cigarette flavors are available. However, there remains a dearth of evidence on e-cigarette flavor use patterns among older e-cigarette users. Objectives: This longitudinal study examined changes in flavor use patterns in long-term e-cigarette users, assessed self-reported adverse reactions, and evaluated users' anticipated reactions to possible U.S. Food and Drug Administration e-cigarette flavor regulatory scenarios. Methods: The study population was 383 adult participants who completed two online e-cigarette surveys in 2012-2014 (baseline survey) and in 2017-2019 (follow-up survey). In both surveys, participants were asked, "Thinking about your preferred liquid, what is the name of this liquid flavor?" and to list all flavors used in the past 30 days. Flavor preference was classified using the Penn State Three-Step Flavor Classification method. Participants reported adverse events (open-ended description) with the associated flavor. Regulatory scenarios were presented, and participants selected perceived actions from among a list of 15 options. Results: Participants' age averaged 44 6 12 years; 86% were exclusive e-cigarette users, and 13% reported "poly-use" (i.e., e-cigarette and other tobacco product use). E-cigarette flavor preference migration occurred in all demographic groups: only 36-44% maintained a preference for their original flavor. Preference for tobacco and menthol or mint decreased over time (40% baseline vs. 22% follow-up); preference for fruit remained stable (23% baseline and follow-up), but chocolate/candy or other sweets preference significantly increased (16% baseline vs. 29% follow-up), and other flavors increased slightly. Migration to sweet flavors was more noticeable in younger adults (18-45 yr); exclusive e-cigarette users preferred sweet flavors more commonly than poly-users did (31% vs. 19%). Flavor-associated adverse reactions, mainly respiratory irritations, were reported by 26 (6.9%) participants. Nearly 50% of the participants reported that they would "find a way" to buy their preferred flavor or add flavoring agents themselves if nontobacco flavors were banned. Conclusions: Flavor migration toward sweet flavors occurred in long-term e-cigarette users, a trend most pronounced in younger and exclusive e-cigarette users. The anticipated maintenance of access to flavors despite regulation suggests an element of e-cigarette-related dependence that requires further evaluation. This information could help clinicians understand the health impacts of e-cigarette flavors, develop appropriate strategies for smoking cessation, and inform the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to plan future regulation of e-cigarette flavors.

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“…Cigarette smoke is a leading health hazard and causes an enormous impact on lung health. Cigarette smoking has long been known to have a significant impact on respiratory health and diseases [1, 2]. Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it increases the odds of developing either chronic bronchitis or emphysema [2, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in lung responses after single and repeated exposures to cigarette smoke in mice

et al. 2019

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Cigarette smoke is well recognized to cause injury to the airways and the alveolar walls over time. This injury usually requires many years of exposure, suggesting that the lungs may rapidly develop responses that initially protect it from this repetitive injury. Our studies tested the hypotheses that smoke induces an inflammatory response and changes in mRNA profiles that are dependent on sex and the health status of the lung, and that the response of the lungs to smoke differs after 1 day compared to 5 days of exposure. Male and female wildtype (WT) and Scnn1b -transgenic (βENaC) mice, which have chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes due to dehydrated mucus, were exposed to cigarette smoke or sham air conditions for 1 or 5 days. The inflammatory response and gene expression profiles were analyzed in lung tissue. Overall, the inflammatory response to cigarette smoke was mild, and changes in mediators were more numerous after 1 than 5 days. βENaC mice had more airspace leukocytes than WT mice, and smoke exposure resulted in additional significant alterations. Many genes and gene sets responded similarly at 1 and 5 days: genes involved in oxidative stress responses were upregulated while immune response genes were downregulated. However, certain genes and biological processes were regulated differently after 1 compared to 5 days. Extracellular matrix biology genes and gene sets were upregulated after 1 day but downregulated by 5 days of smoke compared to sham exposure. There was no difference in the transcriptional response to smoke between WT and βENaC mice or between male and female mice at either 1 or 5 days. Taken together, these studies suggest that the lungs rapidly alter gene expression after only one exposure to cigarette smoke, with few additional changes after four additional days of repeated exposure. These changes may contribute to preventing lung damage.

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Corrective Statements from the Tobacco Industry: More Evidence for Why We Need Effective Tobacco Control

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Exposure to Court-Ordered Tobacco Industry Antismoking Advertisements Among US Adults

Exposure to Court-Ordered Tobacco Industry Antismoking Advertisements Among US Adults

Changes in Flavor Preference in a Cohort of Long-Term Electronic Cigarette Users

Dynamic changes in lung responses after single and repeated exposures to cigarette smoke in mice

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