Corrective Efficacy of Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy for Planovalgus Deformity in Cerebral Palsy Patients

Abstract

IntroductionPlanovalgus deformity is common in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), particularly spastic diplegia and spastic quadriplegia. It results from muscle imbalance over the immature foot skeleton, leading to hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and joint subluxation. Surgical interventions, like calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO), are frequently employed to correct this deformity, but objective guidelines for its use in CP patients are lacking. Material and methodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the efficacy of CLO in correcting plano valgus deformity in pediatric CP patients at the Pediatric Orthopedic Unit of Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, India. Data from patient records and radiographs were collected, including demographics, pre-and postoperative angles, and surgical details. Statistical analysis was performed to assess changes in angles and associations with various factors. ResultsAfter the surgery, there was a notable enhancement in the calcaneal pitch, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and naviculocuboid overlap, as shown by the CLO results. However, tibiocalcaneal angles did not show significant changes. Associations were observed between age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, additional surgeries, and postoperative angle corrections. ConclusionCLO shows promise in correcting plano valgus deformity, with age, GMFCS level, and comorbidities influencing outcomes. Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor correction durability. Specific radiographic angles provide insights into CLO's biomechanical effects, but study limitations warrant caution in interpretation. CLO effectively corrects plano valgus deformity in pediatric CP patients, with age, GMFCS level, and comorbidities influencing outcomes. Long-term follow-up and further research are needed to optimize management strategies and enhance understanding of surgical outcomes.