Correction to: The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque

Li, Jinhua; Sun, Lixing; Kappeler, Peter M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27920-2_15

Cited by 13 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…(2010 , 2012 ). Each group member was individually and unambiguously recognized based on the presence of distinctive physical features such as scars, hair color patterns, and/or facial/body appearance ( Li 1999 ; Xia et al. 2012 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant attraction: why social bridging matters for female leadership in Tibetan macaques

et al. 2020

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Leadership is a key issue in the study of collective behavior in social animals. Affiliation-leadership models predict that dyadic partner preferences based on grooming relationships or alliance formation positively affect an individual’s decision to follow or support a conspecific. In the case of many primate species, females without young infants are attracted to mother-infant dyads. However, the effects of mother-infant-female associations on affiliation-leadership models remain less clear. In free-ranging Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana, we used social network analysis to examine the importance of “mother-infant-adult female” social bridging events as a predictor of who leads and who follows during group movement. Social bridging is a common behavior in Tibetan macaques and occurs when two adults, generally females, engage in coordinated infant-handling. Using eigenvector centrality coefficients of social bridging as a measure of social affiliation, we found that among lactating females, initiating bridging behavior with another female played a significant role in leadership success, with the assisting female following the mother during group movement. Among non-lactating females, this was not the case. Our results indicate that infant attraction can be a strong trigger in collective action and directing group movement in Tibetan macaques and provides benefits to mothers who require helpers and social support in order to ensure the safety of their infants. Our study provides new insights into the importance of the third party effect in rethinking affiliation-leadership models in group-living animals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2004 ). Long-term observations (for >30 years) have provided detailed information about individual identities and life histories for all group members, and therefore we have accurate information on the age of individuals in the group (age categories follow Li 1999 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant attraction: why social bridging matters for female leadership in Tibetan macaques

et al. 2020

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“…There are two groups at the site: Yulingkeng A1 (YA1, target group in this study) and Yulingkeng A2 (YA2). Matrilineal kinship is known from historic and demographic data collected daily since 1986 (Li, 1999). The target group has been thoroughly habituated to close observation (i.e., from <1 m) and all individuals can be recognized using physical features (i.e., scars, hair color patterns, or facial/body contours) without disturbance or capture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the biological market perspective to examine the interchange relationships between grooming and infant handling in Tibetan macaques ( M. thibetana ). Tibetan macaques live in multi-male-multi-female social groups (mean group size=33.8±6.79), with female philopatry and male dispersion (Li, 1999). Tibetan macaques devote approximately 20% of their daily activity budget to grooming and thus it can be considered as a behavioral commodity in their social groups (Xia et al, 2012, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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雌性短尾猴理毛行为与婴猴接触行为间的交换

et al. 2019

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In some non-human primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological market theory suggests that grooming is widespread and represents a commodity that can be exchanged for infant handling. As a limited resource, however, the extent to which infants are interchanged between mothers (females with an infant) and non-mothers (potential handlers, females without an infant) remains unclear. In this study, we collected behavioral data to investigate the relationship between grooming and infant handling in free-ranging Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana ) at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our results showed that females with infants received more grooming than females without infants. After her infant was handled, mother females received more grooming than they did during daily grooming interactions. However, with the increasing number of infants within the social group, both the grooming that mothers received and the grooming that non-mothers invested for handling infants decreased. We also found that non-mothers invested more time in grooming to gain access to younger infants than older infants. Our results provide evidence that infants are social commodities for both mother and non-mother females. Mothers use infants for obtain grooming and non-mothers use grooming to gain access to infants. The current study implies a bidirectional and complex interchange pattern between grooming and infant handling to compensate for the dyadic grooming disparity in non-human primates.

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Social strategies used by dispersing males to integrate into a new group in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)

Xia

Garber

Sun

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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In group‐living mammals, an individual's fitness depends, in part, on the quality of social relationships it has with others. Among species of nonhuman primates in which one sex is philopatric, individuals of that sex often develop strong social bonds and alliances with closely related kin. Less is known regarding the social processes used by dispersing adults to form stable bonds with nonkin in their new group. From May to December 2009, April to August 2010, September to December 2011, and February to May 2012, we collected data on grooming interactions in wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a female philopatric species, at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our goal was to compare social interactions and bond formation between resident males, recent immigrant males, and resident females. Our results indicate that recent immigrant males formed stable partner relationships with a small number of resident females and groomed these females more frequently or for longer than they received grooming. In contrast, resident males switched female grooming partners more frequently, received more grooming than they gave, and formed relationships with a greater number of female partners. We argue that the ability of recent immigrant male Tibetan macaques to maintain strong and persistent social bonds with a small set of resident adult females is a primary factor that enables them to establish residence in a new multimale–multifemale group. The present study provides new and important insights into the integrated social strategies used by dispersing males and resident females to maintain group stability.

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Correction to: The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Infant attraction: why social bridging matters for female leadership in Tibetan macaques

Infant attraction: why social bridging matters for female leadership in Tibetan macaques

雌性短尾猴理毛行为与婴猴接触行为间的交换

Social strategies used by dispersing males to integrate into a new group in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)

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