Correction [to “The behavior of some organic nitrates at Boulder and Niwot Ridge, Colorado,” by B. A. Ridley, J. D. Shelter, J. G. Walega, S. Madronich, C. M. Elsworth, F. E. Grahek, F. C. Fehsenfeld, R. B. Norton, D. D. Parrish, G. Hübler, M. Buhr, E. J. Williams, E. J. Allwine and H. H. Westberg]

Ridley, B. A.; Shelter, J. D.; Walega, J.; Madronich, S.; Elsworth, Catherine; Grahek, F. E.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Norton, Raymond; Parrish, D. D.; Hubler, G. K.; Buhr, Manfred; Williams, E. J.; Allwine, E.; Westberg, H.

doi:10.1029/92jd00769

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…These compounds therefore play a crucial role in the local and regional atmospheric chemistry. Comparison with observed PAN concentrations at the Niwot Ridge site (Ridley et al, 1990) shows that without biogenic VOC emissions the modelled PAN levels are almost one order of magnitude lower than observations. Biogenic emission models do not usually predict speciated emissions of oxygenated compounds; especially for the case of some important key compounds, such as acetaldehyde, this plays a nontrivial role in terms of the ambient photochemistry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…terpene oxidation) peak around 16:00 (∼ 2.1 × 10 10 molecules cm −3 ; ∼ 800 pptv at 400 pptv NO x ) and together with peroxy radicals illustrate the overall photochemical activity in the PBL. Peak concentrations of PAN scaled down to ∼ 400 pptv at 200 pptv NO x and to ∼ 190 pptv at 100 pptv NO x and lie within the range observed by Ridley et al (1990).…”

Section: Box Model Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10). NO x levels were based on measurements done by Parrish et al (1984) and Ridley et al (1990). Parrish et al (1984) reported substantial NO x concentrations at the site during a previous year with a median between 400-600 pptv (at noon) during the months of June, July and August and conclude that "even though the Denver urban area lies upwind from the site with respect to the prevailing winds, it is NO x from the Niwot Ridge area that predominates and is responsible for enhanced ozone levels at the site".…”

Section: Box Model Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual disjunct eddy covariance measurements of organic compound fluxes from a subalpine forest using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry

et al. 2002

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Abstract.A 'virtual' disjunct eddy covariance (vDEC) device was tested with field measurements of biogenic VOC fluxes at a subalpine forest site in the Rocky Mountains of the USA. A PTR-MS instrument was used as the VOC sensor. Daily peak emission fluxes of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde were around 1.5, 1, 0.8 and 0.4 mg m −2 h −1 , respectively. High pass filtering due to long sampling lines was investigated in laboratory experiments, and suggested that VOC losses in PTFA lines are generally governed by diffusion laws. Memory effects and surface reactions did not seem to play a dominant role. Model estimates of MBO fluxes compared well with measured fluxes. The results also suggest that latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are reasonably well correlated with VOC fluxes and could be used to predict variations in VOC emissions. The release of MBO, methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde resulted in significant change of tropospheric oxidant levels and a 10-40% increase in ozone levels, as inferred from a photochemical box model. We conclude that vDEC with a PTR-MS instrument is a versatile tool for simultaneous field analysis of multiple VOC fluxes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Box Model Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Box Model Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual disjunct eddy covariance measurements of organic compound fluxes from a subalpine forest using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry

et al. 2002

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“…Thus PAN produced in polluted environments and lifted to high altitudes, where the temperatures are low, could be transported great distances before the air descends and warms, releasing the NO 2 tied up in PAN. This transport of PAN away from source regions and its subsequent thermal decomposition has long been a subject of interest as a source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), and thus a potential impact on ozone production, in remote regions (Crutzen, 1979;Ridley et al, 1990, Hudman et al, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) in coastal Antarctica measured with a new instrument for the detection of sub-part per trillion mixing ratios of PAN

et al. 2007

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Abstract. An automated gas chromatograph with sample pre-concentration for the measurement of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) was constructed with a minimum detection limit below 1 pptv. This instrument was deployed at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley Research Station, Antarctica (75.6 • S, 26.6 • W) as part of the CHABLIS (Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow) campaign. Hourly measurements were carried out between July 2004 and February 2005 with observed maximum and minimum mixing ratios of 52.3 and <0.6 pptv, respectively with a mean PAN mixing ratio for the measurement period of 9.2 pptv (standard deviation: 6.2 pptv). The changes in PAN mixing ratios typically occurred over periods of several days to a week and showed a strong similarity to the variation in alkenes. The mixing ratio of PAN at Halley has a possible seasonal cycle with a winter maximum and summer minimum, though the cycle is incomplete and the data are very variable. Calculations indicate that gross local PAN production is approximately 1 pptv d −1 in spring and 0.6 pptv d −1 in summer. Net loss of PAN transported to Halley in the summer is a small gas-phase source of NOx and net production of PAN in the spring is a very small NOx sink.

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“…In addition to controlling microvascular permeability, the MAPK superfamily has roles in cellular differentiation and proliferation (29), apoptosis (30)(31)(32)(33), and expression of the proinflammatory phenotype in innate immune cells, including monocytes, endothelial cells, and neutrophils (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)). The answer to the crucial question regarding how the MAPK pathway manages and codes the signaling information to precisely deliver signals to the downstream molecules and to finally elicit specific biological responses remains open to active investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases Regulate Platelet‐Activating Factor‐Induced Hyperpermeability

Yu¹,

Hatakeyama²,

Aramoto³

et al. 2005

Microcirculation

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Objective-The authors tested the hypothesis that p42/44-(ERK-1/2) and/or p38-mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPK) are in vivo regulatory elements in the platelet-activating factor (PAF) activated signaling cascade that stimulates microvascular hyperpermeability.Methods-FITC-dextran 70 was used as the macromolecular tracer for microvascular permeability in the mouse mesenteric fat tissue. Interstitial integrated optical intensity (IOI) was used as an index of permeability.

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Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Virtual disjunct eddy covariance measurements of organic compound fluxes from a subalpine forest using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry

Virtual disjunct eddy covariance measurements of organic compound fluxes from a subalpine forest using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry

Seasonal variation of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) in coastal Antarctica measured with a new instrument for the detection of sub-part per trillion mixing ratios of PAN

Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases Regulate Platelet‐Activating Factor‐Induced Hyperpermeability

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