Correction to: Sharing food with hyenas: a latrine of Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the Early Pleistocene assemblage of Fuente Nueva‑3 (Orce, Baza Basin, SE Spain)

Espigares, M. Patrocinio; Palmqvist, Paul; Ruiz, María Dolores Rodríguez; Ros-Montoya, Sergio; Pérez‐Ramos, Alejandro; Rodríguez-Gómez, Guillermo; Guerra-Merchán, Antonio; García-Aguilar, José Manuel; Granados, Alı́cia; Lozano, Isidoro Campaña; Martı́nez-Navarro, Bienvenido

doi:10.1007/s12520-023-01797-2

Cited by 1 publication

(19 citation statements)

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“…The activity of P. brevirostris is particularly evident in the case of the upper archaeological level of FN3, in which hyena coprolites are abundantly preserved (Espigares, 2010;Espigares et al, 2019Espigares et al, , 2023, as explained below. Apart from this large hyaenid, carnivores are well represented in BLD and FN3, including two mustelids (Martellictis ardea and Meles meles), three canids (Vulpes alopecoides, C. mosbachensis, and Lycaon lycaonoides), one ursid (Ursus etruscus), and three felids (Lynx pardinus, Megantereon whitei and Homotherium latidens) (…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…2D). These lutitic-carbonate sediments were deposited in a shallow lacustrine-toswampy environment of variable depth, with occasional uvial inputs (Turq et al, 2006;Oms et al, 2011;Espigares et al, 2023). Speci cally, the clays and marly lutites were deposited under a semi-permanent water table while the sands correspond to lake shore deposits.…”

Section: The Late Early Pleistocene Site Of Fn3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Layer 5 is of variable thickness (20-30 cm, although it can occasionally be thicker) and consists of greenish sands with lenticular shapes, which can be interpreted as the result of lowenergy uvial ows with su cient energy to erode the unconsolidated limestones of layer 4. A high percentage (68.2%, 5466 out of 8014) of the fossil remains of large mammals unearthed from FN3 are from layer 5 (Espigares et al, 2023: Table 1). Layers 6-10 are composed of marly lutites and clays, which show differences in color and thickness.…”

Section: The Late Early Pleistocene Site Of Fn3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1B-C), a satellite basin in the north-eastern sector of the depression with an extent of ~ 170 km 2 , preserves a unique fossil record of the late Early Pleistocene (Late Villafranchian) fauna, including two archaeological sites dated to ~ 1. 4 Ma that mark the earliest presence of hominins in Western Europe, Barranco León-D (BLD) and FN3 (Martínez- Navarro et al, 1997Navarro et al, , 2014Espigares et al, , 2019Espigares et al, , 2023Toro-Moyano et al, 2013;Palmqvist et al, 2016Palmqvist et al, , 2022a. Toro-Moyano et al, 2011; Barsky et al, 2015Barsky et al, , 2016Barsky et al, , 2022Titton et al, 2018Titton et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Ma (Martínez-Navarro, 1991;Palmqvist et al, 2022b), has been interpreted as a breeding den of the giant, short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Palmqvist et al, 1996(Palmqvist et al, , 2011(Palmqvist et al, , 2022b; Arribas and Palmqvist, 1998;Palmqvist and Arribas, 2001;Espigares, 2010). For this reason, most toothmarked bones of BLD and FN3 were probably also consumed by P. brevirostris (Espigares et al, 2013(Espigares et al, , 2019(Espigares et al, , 2023Palmqvist et al, 2023a, b). However, some activity of a small carnivore has also been identi ed in these sites (Espigares, 2010;Espigares et al, 2013Espigares et al, , 2019, probably the medium-sized canid Canis mosbachensis (Courtenay et al, 2023;Palmqvist et al, 2023b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The late Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain): A hyena latrine developed on a quicksand trap for megaherbivores?

Palmqvist,

Campaña,

Granados

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva-3 (FN3), which lies in the Guadix-Baza Depression (SE Spain) and is dated to ~ 1.4 Ma, contributes some of the oldest evidence of hominin presence in Western Europe, including a huge tool assemblage of Oldowan tradition, manuports (i.e., unmodified stones used as percussion tools) and abundant fossils of large mammals, some of which preserve anthropogenic marks related to defleshing, butchering and marrow processing. In addition, there are bones with tooth marks produced by scavenging carnivores. The fertile layers of the FN3 section have been grouped in a lower archaeological level (LAL) and an upper archaeological level (UAL). Both levels preserve abundant skeletal remains and lithic tools. However, the LAL shows a high density of manuports, which suggests that hominin activity was more intense at this level, while the UAL preserves many remains of megaherbivores, particularly proboscideans (Mammuthus meridionalis), and almost all coprolites unearthed from the site, which points to a greater involvement of the giant hyenas (Pachycrocuta brevirostris). In this paper, we (i) test for statistical differences in the composition of the faunal assemblages preserved in the UAL and LAL; and (ii) analyze particle size in the fertile layers of both archaeological levels. Our results show that megaherbivores are comparatively overrepresented in the UAL, specially by young elephants, while other medium-to-large and large-sized ungulates, particularly equids, are more abundant in the LAL, showing a predominance of adult individuals. Concerning the sedimentology, layers 2–3 of the LAL show a predominance of silts and clays, with sands representing a minor fraction. In contrast, layer 5 of the UAL is composed of two-thirds of fine and very fine sands, with the remaining third consisting of silts and clays. These data and the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of layer 5 suggest that it may be interpreted as a paleo-quicksand in which megaherbivores were trapped due to the elevated weight per unit area supported by their feet, and their half-sunken carcasses attracted the scavengers, particularly the hyenas, which fed on these carcasses and defecated in their surroundings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Late Early Pleistocene Site Of Fn3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Late Early Pleistocene Site Of Fn3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The late Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain): A hyena latrine developed on a quicksand trap for megaherbivores?

Palmqvist,

Campaña,

Granados

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Correction to: Sharing food with hyenas: a latrine of Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the Early Pleistocene assemblage of Fuente Nueva‑3 (Orce, Baza Basin, SE Spain)

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

The late Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain): A hyena latrine developed on a quicksand trap for megaherbivores?

The late Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain): A hyena latrine developed on a quicksand trap for megaherbivores?

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