Correction to: Influence of ambient temperature on erosion properties of exposed cohesive sediment from an intertidal mudflat

Nguyen, Hieu M.; Bryan, Karin R.; Pilditch, Conrad A.; Moon, Vicki G.

doi:10.1007/s00367-019-00618-7

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“…M indicates how quickly erosion rates increase when the critical bed shear stress is exceeded. Both (τ e ) and M can be measured with the EROMES device (Stokes and Harris, 2015;Nguyen et al, 2019Nguyen et al, , 2020. By gradually increasing the rotational speed of a propeller in the EROMES tube, the flow velocity and exerted bed shear stress at the surface of the sediment sample in the tube follow.…”

Section: Morphology and Sediment Transport Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Engineering: A Review on Reducing Coastal Flood Risk With Mangroves

et al. 2021

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Integration of mangroves in projects to reduce coastal flood risk is increasingly being recognised as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. In addition to the construction of conventional hard flood protection infrastructure, mangroves not only contribute to attenuating flood events (functionality), they also recover in, and adapt to, a changing climate (persistence). The implementation of mangroves in flood risk reduction, however, remains complex. This is because the innate functionality and persistence of mangroves depend on a range of environmental conditions. Importantly, mangroves may collapse when environmental impacts or climatic changes exceed key system thresholds, bringing uncertainty into a situation where failure could endanger lives and livelihoods. The uncertainties in mangrove functionality and persistence can be dealt with by (1) improving insights in how ecological and physical processes affect mangrove functionality and persistence across scales, (2) advancing tools to accurately assess and predict mangrove functionality and persistence, and (3) adopting an adaptive management approach combined with appropriate engineering interventions to enhance mangrove functionality and persistence. Here, we review existing evidence, monitoring techniques and modelling approaches from the viewpoint of mangrove functionality and persistence. Inspired by existing guidelines for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to reduce flood risk, we provide an operationalization for this new approach. In addition, we identify where further research efforts are required for the practical application of mangroves in coastal flood risk management. Key aspects in the variability and uncertainty of the functionality and persistence of mangroves are their failure and recovery mechanisms, which are greatly site- and storm-specific. We propose five characteristic damage regimes that result in increasing reductions of mangrove functionality as well as post-storm recovery periods. Further research on the quantification of these regimes and their thresholds is required for the successful integration of mangroves in coastal flood risk management. Ultimately, the key challenge is the development of adaptive management strategies to optimise long-term mangrove functionality and persistence, or their resilience. Such adaptive strategies should be informed by continued mangrove functionality and persistence assessments, based on continued monitoring and modelling of key mangrove thresholds, and supported through well-established guidelines.

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Section: Morphology and Sediment Transport Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Engineering: A Review on Reducing Coastal Flood Risk With Mangroves

et al. 2021

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“…Although the estimated critical shear stress values neglect contributions from biotic factors, such as sediment stabilization due to microphytobenthos (e.g. by diatom mats; Paterson, 1989), exposure effects (Nguyen et al, 2019), or destabilization due to bioturbating macrofauna (Harris et al, 2016), bed movement at all three locations indicates the critical shear stress was often exceeded throughout the experiments. The greatest bed mobility was observed in the fringe (Figure 11), and erosional patterns were highly spatially variable, but were related to the spatial distribution of root structures over short distances (Figures 8 and 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relating millimeter‐scale turbulence to meter‐scale subtidal erosion and accretion across the fringe of a coastal mangrove forest

Norris

Mullarney

Bryan

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Within a wave-exposed mangrove forest, novel field observations are presented, comparing millimeter-scale turbulent water velocity fluctuations with contemporaneous subtidal bed elevation changes. High-resolution velocity and bed level measurements were collected from the unvegetated mudflat, at the mangrove forest fringe, and within the forest interior over multiple tidal cycles (flood-ebb) during a 2-week period. Measurements demonstrated that the spatial variability in vegetation density is a control on sediment transport at sub-meter scales. Scour around single and dense clusters of pneumatophores was predicted by a standard hydraulic engineering equation for wave-induced scour around regular cylinders, when the cylinder diameter in the equations was replaced with the representative diameter of the dense pneumatophore clusters. Waves were dissipated as they propagated into the forest, but dissipation at infragravity periods (> 30 s) was observed to be less than dissipation at shorter periods (< 30 s), consistent with the predictions of a simple model. Cross-wavelet analysis revealed that infragravity-frequency fluctuations in the bed level were occasionally coherent with velocity, possibly indicating scour upstream of dense pneumatophore patches when infragravity waves reinforced tidal currents. Consequently, infragravity waves were a likely driver of sediment transport within the mangrove forest. Near-bed turbulent kinetic energy, estimated from the turbulent dissipation rate, was also correlated with bed level changes. Specifically, within the mangrove forest and over the unvegetated mudflat, high-energy events were associated with erosion or near-zero bed level change, whereas low-energy events were associated with accretion. In contrast, no single relationship between bed level changes and mean current velocity was applicable across both vegetated and unvegetated regions. These observations support the theory that sediment mobilization scales with turbulent energy, rather than mean velocity, a distinction that becomes important when vegetation controls the development of turbulence.

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Correction to: Influence of ambient temperature on erosion properties of exposed cohesive sediment from an intertidal mudflat

Abstract: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In section Erosion measurements, the reference Friend et al. 2003 should be removed from the first five lines. Revised text should read: "The measurements of erosion potential were carried out using the EROMES device (

Cited by 2 publications

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Nature-Based Engineering: A Review on Reducing Coastal Flood Risk With Mangroves

Nature-Based Engineering: A Review on Reducing Coastal Flood Risk With Mangroves

Relating millimeter‐scale turbulence to meter‐scale subtidal erosion and accretion across the fringe of a coastal mangrove forest

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