Correction to: Cerebellar Microstructural Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease: a Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies

Haghshomar, Maryam; Shobeiri, Parnian; Seyedi, Seyed Arsalan; Abbasi-Feijani, Fatemeh; Poopak, Amirhossein; Sotoudeh, Houman; Kamali, Arash; Aarabi, Mohammad Hadi

doi:10.1007/s12311-022-01402-7

Cited by 2 publications

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“…A cohort study that involved 39 PD patients – 19 with hallucination and 17 without hallucination – showed that GABA concentration measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy was reduced in the occipital cortex and correlated with excitability in PD patients with hallucinations 126 . It has been shown that PD patients had visual disturbances with abnormal color vision in the late stage due to alteration of retinal GABAergic neurons 127 . As well, increasing the number of retinal GABAergic neurons by GABA agonists also induces visual disturbances 128 .…”

Section: Gaba Pathway and Manifestations Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…126 It has been shown that PD patients had visual disturbances with abnormal color vision in the late stage due to alteration of retinal GABAergic neurons. 127 As well, increasing the number of retinal GABAergic neurons by GABA agonists also induces visual disturbances. 128 Therefore, an optimal GABA level is crucial for normal visual accuracy and discrimination.…”

Section: Non-motor Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep disorders cause Parkinson's disease or the reverse is true: Good GABA good night

Al‐kuraishy,

Al‐Gareeb,

Albuhadily

et al. 2024

CNS Neurosci Ther

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BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) presented with motor and non‐motor symptoms. PD symptoms are developed in response to the disturbance of diverse neurotransmitters including γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA has a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by protecting DNs in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). It has been shown that the degeneration of GABAergic neurons is linked with the degeneration of DNs and the progression of motor and non‐motor PD symptoms. GABA neurotransmission is a necessary pathway for normal sleep patterns, thus deregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in PD could be the potential cause of sleep disorders in PD.AimSleep disorders affect GABA neurotransmission leading to memory and cognitive dysfunction in PD. For example, insomnia and short sleep duration are associated with a reduction of brain GABA levels. Moreover, PD‐related disorders including rigidity and nocturia influence sleep patterns leading to fragmented sleep which may also affect PD neuropathology. However, the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology regarding motor and non‐motor symptoms is not fully elucidated. Therefore, this narrative review aims to clarify the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology mainly in sleep disorders, and how good GABA improves PD. In addition, this review of published articles tries to elucidate how sleep disorders such as insomnia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affect PD neuropathology and severity. The present review has many limitations including the paucity of prospective studies and most findings are taken from observational and preclinical studies. GABA involvement in the pathogenesis of PD has been recently discussed by recent studies. Therefore, future prospective studies regarding the use of GABA agonists in the management of PD are suggested to observe their distinct effects on motor and non‐motor symptoms.ConclusionThere is a bidirectional relationship between the pathogenesis of PD and sleep disorders which might be due to GABA deregulation.

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Section: Gaba Pathway and Manifestations Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%