Correction to: Au-delà de la volonté: les conditions d’empowerment nécessaires pour abandonner les mutilations génitales féminines à Conakry (Guinée), une ethnographie focalisée

Doucet, Marie-Hélène; Délamou, Alexandre; Manet, Hawa; Groleau, Danielle

doi:10.1186/s12978-020-00951-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…It also requires skill building and support to enhance individuals' economic capacities. Affirming this is Doucet et al's study in Conakry, Guinea [40] who identified that addressing the FGM/C problem involves moving beyond one's "will" to adopt essential empowerment conditions such as the provision of social support and financial independence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumcising daughters in Nigeria: To what extent does education influence mothers’ FGM/C continuation attitudes?

Ackah

Ayerakwah

Boakye

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Education has been adjudged as an important behavioural change intervention and a key player in combating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). An assumed pathway is that it influences FGM/C attitudes. However, empirical evidence that explores this assumption is scarce. Hence, our study examines whether the associative effect of FGM/C continuation attitudes on circumcision of daughters is influenced by the level of a mother’s education in Nigeria. We extracted data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study focused on youngest daughters that were born in the last five years preceding the survey. A sample of 5,039 children with complete data on variables of interest to the study were analysed. The main outcome variable for this study is “circumcision among youngest daughters”. The key explanatory variables were maternal “FGM/C continuation attitudes” and “education”. At 95% confidence interval, we conducted a two-level logistic regression modelling and introduced interaction between the key independent variables. In the study’s sample, the prevalence of FGM/C was 34%. It was lower for daughters whose mothers had higher education (12%) and believe FGM/C should discontinue (11.1%). Results from the multivariate analysis show statistically significant odds of circumcision for a daughter whose mother has had higher education and believes FGM/C should discontinue (OR-0.28, 95%CI: 0.08–0.98). For women who believe FGM/C should discontinue, the probability of daughter’s circumcision reduced by 40% if the mother has attained higher education. Among those who believe FGM/C should continue, the probability of daughter’s circumcision worsened if the mother had attained higher education (64%), however, this result was influenced by mothers’ experience of circumcision. Education influences FGM/C attitudes, nonetheless, women’s cutting experience can be a conduit for which the practice persists. Promoting female education should be accompanied by strong political commitment towards enforcing laws on FGM/C practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumcising daughters in Nigeria: To what extent does education influence mothers’ FGM/C continuation attitudes?

Ackah

Ayerakwah

Boakye

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Indeed, getting pregnant before marriage is considered as a "social deviance" in the sociocultural context of Conakry. It is subject to severe family disapproval, and is even considered as a source of dishonnor for families (23), with the potential sanction of being ostracized from the familial and social solidarity networks (24). Moreover, early pregnancy or getting pregnant while studying with the risk of school dropout may result in family abandonment with a subsequent lack of nancial support, as well as in community stigma, which can have psychological, social and economic consequences (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Facilitating the use of Contraceptive Methods Among Urban Adolescents and Youth in Guinea: A Qualitative Study

Manet¹,

Doucet²,

Bangoura³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe use of modern contraceptive methods among adolescents and youth is a public health priority to prevent unwanted pregnancies. To our knowledge, no study has ever explored and documented the promoting factors for contraceptive use among urban adolescents and youth in Guinea. The objective of this study was to explore the personal, community, and health system factors that promote the use of contraceptive methods among urban adolescents and youth in Guinea. MethodsWe conducted a qualitative exploratory and descriptive study with adolescents and youth aged 15 to 24 living in Conakry, Guinea. Data were collected through twenty-six individual in-depth interviews, and 10 group interviews with an additional eighty individuals, for a total of 106 participants. The investigation was conducted from June to October 2019. Both individual and group interviews were audio-recorded, and the verbatims were afterwards transcribed. Data was analyzed using the “thematic analysis” method (deductive and inductive approaches).ResultsThe personal factors favoring contraceptive use among adolescents and youth pertained to perceived benefits of the methods, knowledge of the family planning service channels, means to afford the cost of the method, and spouse/sexual partner approval. The community factors included peer suggestions about contraceptive methods, and socio-cultural beliefs about the method. The health system factors referred to access to free contraceptive methods, availability of methods, clinical competence and attitude of the health care provider to advise or administer methods, and proximity of family planning services to users’ place of residence. ConclusionsThis research shows that many adolescents and youth living in Conakry are sexually active and want to avoid unwanted pregnancy by using modern, traditional or cultural contraceptive methods. Access to free or affordable methods, discretion of method use, proximity and availability of methods, and suggestions of methods by peers are factors that motivate adolescents and youth to use contraception. This knowledge can inform policies and programs to improve the use of effective contraceptive methods by adolescents and youth living in Conakry, Guinea, and ultimately contribute to the optimal sexual and reproductive health of this population.

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“…Some authors consider medicalization a harm-reduction method for FGM/C, arguing that it mitigates acute complications by as much as 70% using aseptic techniques and anaesthetics [ 11 , 13 ]. Parents have adopted the medicalization of FGM/C (done with a small incision) to protect their daughters from more invasive forms [ 14 ]. Even though their opposition to the medicalization of FGM/C, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that ¼ of the women who have undergone FGM/C worldwide, or approximately 52 million, were performed by health personnel [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will create a social environment in which FGM/C is increasingly seen as less favourable and ultimately allow for a gradual reform of the normative and cultural-cognitive character of societies that practice FGM/C. A study conducted in Guinea showed that families who refused to have their daughters cut either had a social support network that shared the same values as them or was economically independent of the traditional solidarity network [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): towards the endgame and beyond

2023

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Despite the criminalization of the practice by numerous laws and international treaties in most countries concerned, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), although on the decline overall, is stagnating or tending to increase in some parts Africa. This relative failure in the fight against FGM/C could be explained from an institutional perspective. Although these struggles affect the regulatory mechanisms, which include laws, they hardly touch the normative mechanisms, which constitute the set of values deemed socially acceptable by a society, and the cultural and cognitive mechanisms, which are the manifestations of the ideologies or beliefs of a group. The naming of FGM/C among certain ethnic groups, which is part of the normative character of the social institution, rather valorizes them and makes uncut girls/women feel "dirty" or "unfit”. In these communities, women who have undergone FGM/C are viewed by society as women of honour while uncut girls are perceived as promiscuous and victims of mockery, rejection, or exclusion by the community. In addition, since excision ceremonies and rituals are exclusively reserved for women, many see them as a way of freeing themselves from the rules of patriarchy and male domination that are omnipresent in the societies concerned. Informal mechanisms such as the use of witchcraft, gossip, and beliefs related to the supernatural power of the excisors underpin the cultural-cognitive nature of FGM/C practice. As a result, many families are reluctant to challenge the cutters. The fight against FGM/C can be more effective by addressing the normative and cultural-cognitive roots that form the basis for its perpetuation. This can be achieved by avoiding moralizing the practice, involving those who resist the practice in a context of high prevalence, known as "positive deviants," and using productive methods from the societies concerned. This will create a social environment in which FGM/C is increasingly perceived as less favourable and will ultimately allow for a gradual reform of the normative and cultural-cognitive character of societies that practice FGM/C. Education of women and social mobilisation are critical tools which can act as powerful levers in shifting attitudes about FGM/C.

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Correction to: Au-delà de la volonté: les conditions d’empowerment nécessaires pour abandonner les mutilations génitales féminines à Conakry (Guinée), une ethnographie focalisée

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Circumcising daughters in Nigeria: To what extent does education influence mothers’ FGM/C continuation attitudes?

Circumcising daughters in Nigeria: To what extent does education influence mothers’ FGM/C continuation attitudes?

Factors Facilitating the use of Contraceptive Methods Among Urban Adolescents and Youth in Guinea: A Qualitative Study

Fighting female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): towards the endgame and beyond

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