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Since its first description in the 1940s by Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger, autism continues to be a clinical diagnosis made by assessing difficulties in social interaction and communication on the one hand, and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors on the other. The criteria for diagnosing autism today are laid out in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) and the "International Classification of Diseases" (ICD), which in its 11th version now also collapses previously existing subcategories into the single diagnostic category of "autism spectrum disorder" (ASD) consistent with DSM-5. Clinical autism assessments are complemented by well-established tools for the structured observation of autistic behavior and the collection of developmental information about a person's first years of life.Despite a significant increase in the number of autism diagnoses over the past decades, which have indicated that this life-long neurodevelopmental disorder affects around 1-1.5% of the general population making ASD a relatively common psychiatric disorder, the topic of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses particularly in the case of autistic adults/ adults with ASD continues to be an important issue. This is pointed out by a study by Fusar-Poli and colleagues [1] who described that the diagnosis of autism is not always made in childhood or adolescence, but that there is evidence for a diagnostic gap of as a long as 11 years between a first evaluation performed in adolescence and a formal diagnosis of autism being made in adulthood. This, the authors argue, could be related to a certain prerogative of child psychiatry with regard to diagnosing a neurodevelopmental disorder * Leonhard Schilbach
Since its first description in the 1940s by Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger, autism continues to be a clinical diagnosis made by assessing difficulties in social interaction and communication on the one hand, and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors on the other. The criteria for diagnosing autism today are laid out in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) and the "International Classification of Diseases" (ICD), which in its 11th version now also collapses previously existing subcategories into the single diagnostic category of "autism spectrum disorder" (ASD) consistent with DSM-5. Clinical autism assessments are complemented by well-established tools for the structured observation of autistic behavior and the collection of developmental information about a person's first years of life.Despite a significant increase in the number of autism diagnoses over the past decades, which have indicated that this life-long neurodevelopmental disorder affects around 1-1.5% of the general population making ASD a relatively common psychiatric disorder, the topic of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses particularly in the case of autistic adults/ adults with ASD continues to be an important issue. This is pointed out by a study by Fusar-Poli and colleagues [1] who described that the diagnosis of autism is not always made in childhood or adolescence, but that there is evidence for a diagnostic gap of as a long as 11 years between a first evaluation performed in adolescence and a formal diagnosis of autism being made in adulthood. This, the authors argue, could be related to a certain prerogative of child psychiatry with regard to diagnosing a neurodevelopmental disorder * Leonhard Schilbach
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