Correction to: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19

Rao, Sonia N.; Manissero, Davide; Steele, Victoria; Pareja, Josep

doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00328-z

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…14 In one study classified patients into which is more sensitive and extracts more genetic material. 11,15,16 The SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct values were 26 for E gene and 28.2 for N gene, these values are not low, indicating that the positive test may be attributed to a small amount of virus residual without clinical significance. We believe that more evidence is needed to interpret the meaning of this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Secondary organizing pneumonia after recovery of mild COVID‐19 infection

Golbets

Kaplan

Shafat

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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A 36‐year‐old male with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma on maintenance rituximab therapy presented to the emergency department with high fever and fatigue. A chest X‐ray showed a lobar infiltrate, 40 days before admission the patient suffered from a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and fully recovered. PCR nasopharyngeal swab was negative for COVID‐19. Comprehensive biochemical, radiological, and pathological evaluation including 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography and transbronchial lung biopsy found no pathogen or lymphoma recurrence. Treatment for pneumonia with antibiotic and antifungal agents was nonbeneficial. A diagnosis of secondary organizing pneumonia (OP) was made after pneumonia migration and a rapid response to corticosteroids. OP secondary to a viral respiratory infection has been well described. Raising awareness for post‐COVID‐19 OP has therapeutic and prognostic importance because those patients benefit from steroid therapy. We believe the condition described here is underdiagnosed and undertreated by doctors worldwide. Because of the ongoing global pandemic we are now encountering a new kind of patient, patients that have recovered from COVID‐19. We hope that this case may contribute to gaining more knowledge about this growing patient population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Secondary organizing pneumonia after recovery of mild COVID‐19 infection

Golbets

Kaplan

Shafat

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…New immunological evidence is enriching our knowledge of the immune response to infection ( 20 ) and duration of immunity following infection ( 21 ). Emerging evidence suggests Ct values and viral loads at the time of diagnosis maybe implicated in pathogenesis and disease severity ( 22 ). A handful of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have been published on the basis of genome variation observed in the viruses between the two episodes with varying clinical manifestations between the episodes ( 2 , 3 , 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Serological, Whole Genome Sequence Analyses to Confirm SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in Patients From Mumbai, India

et al. 2021

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection may not provide long lasting post-infection immunity. While hundreds of reinfections have reported only a few have been confirmed. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the viral isolates from the different episodes is mandatory to establish reinfection.Methods: Nasopharyngeal (NP), oropharyngeal (OP) and whole blood (WB) samples were collected from paired samples of four individuals who were suspected of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection based on distinct clinical episodes and RT-PCR tests. Details from their case record files and investigations were documented. RNA was extracted from the NP and OP samples and subjected to WGS, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were subjected to genome and protein-based functional annotation analyses. Serial serology was performed for Anti-N IgG, Anti- S1 RBD IgG, and sVNT (surrogate virus neutralizing test).Findings: Three patients were more symptomatic with lower Ct values and longer duration of illness. Seroconversion was detected soon after the second episode in three patients. WGS generated a genome coverage ranging from 80.07 to 99.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed sequences belonged to G, GR and “Other” clades. A total of 42mutations were identified in all the samples, consisting of 22 non-synonymous, 17 synonymous, two in upstream, and one in downstream regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Comparative genomic and protein-based annotation analyses revealed differences in the presence and absence of specific mutations in the virus sequences from the two episodes in all four paired samples.Interpretation: Based on the criteria of genome variations identified by whole genome sequencing and supported by clinical presentation, molecular and serological tests, we were able to confirm reinfections in two patients, provide weak evidence of reinfection in the third patient and unable to rule out a prolonged infection in the fourth. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed analyses of clinical and serological information as well as the virus's genomic variations while assessing cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.

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“…Lower Ct values usually are associated with severe outcomes. Ct values may be advantageous in foreseeing the clinical course and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 [35]. The viral load during the second infection could be higher with detectable antibody title suggestive of reinfection [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Nasopharyngeal Swabs

Sekar

Menezes

Shivappa

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019, in the City of Wuhan, China. Within the span of a few weeks, the disease had spread to other regions of China and eventually to different parts of the world. COVID 19 has affected 221 countries and territories around the world, with a total of 121,290,697 positive cases and 2,682,554 deaths as on March 17, 2021. Accurate disease diagnosis (for the SARS-Cov-2 virus and variants), coupled to patient isolation are currently critical strategies in restricting disease spread. Due to lack of time during this pandemic the diagnostics assays were not adequately validated. Infected individuals at times could potentially be missed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 tests due to incorrect/inefficient sampling procedure, low limit of detection and epidemiology of the virus. rRT-PCR test results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical examination and Computed Tomography (CT), particularly in suspected symptomatic individuals or those with epidemiological history of contact with known COVID-19 cases. Considering the above-mentioned constraints, the current scenario demands rapid and point-of-care tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in remote locations. To date, there is no reliable commercially available antigen detection kit. The infected subjects reveal low levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 through the early period of infection. In addition, techniques such as, Digital RT-PCR technology and isothermal RNA amplification with electrochemical biosensors are some of the new technologies currently being developed to provide sensitive and specific SARS-Cov-2 antigen detection. The newly reported variant, SARS-CoV-2 VUI 202012/01 may not influence diagnostic outcomes as worldwide most PCR assays use two or more (including RdRp/ E/ N) reliable gene targets, besides S gene.

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Correction to: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Secondary organizing pneumonia after recovery of mild COVID‐19 infection

Secondary organizing pneumonia after recovery of mild COVID‐19 infection

Clinical, Serological, Whole Genome Sequence Analyses to Confirm SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in Patients From Mumbai, India

Considerations in Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Nasopharyngeal Swabs

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