Correction to “A Study on CO<sub>2</sub> Decomposition to CO and O<sub>2</sub> by the Combination of Catalysis and Dielectric-Barrier Discharges at Low Temperatures and Ambient Pressure”

Zhang, Kui; Zhang, Guangru; Liu, Xiaoteng; Phan, Anh N.; Luo, Kui; Akay, G.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06637

Cited by 7 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…All results are reported in mole percent. The selectivity to C 5+ hydrocarbons was calculated from the carbon balance of the reactions. ,, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the application of plasma catalysis to energy conversion processes has been very widespread, especially in ammonia synthesis, carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide, nitrogen fixation from air, hydrogen generation from methane, and Fischer–Tropsch Gas-to-Liquid (FT-GtL) conversion. The interest in these plasma-based processes stems from the fact that the relevant reactions and the activation of the reactants (N 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 ) require high temperatures and pressures in the absence of plasma. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Akay

Zhang

Al-Harrasi

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Catalytic plasma-enhanced Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for gas-to-liquid conversion was investigated using a recently developed novel nanostructured, hierarchically connected micro/meso-porous Co/SiO2 catalyst obtained through microwave irradiation-induced coassembly of the catalyst and catalyst support precursors (Catalysts202010152). This catalyst structure with its micron-scale morphological and chemical heterogeneity is particularly suitable for catalytic plasma reactions. It is shown that a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) can promote FTS over the catalysts at low temperatures and ambient pressure with 100% conversion without any deactivation over a prolonged time scale (175 h in the current study). In contrast to conventional FTS, the hydrogen conversion is higher in plasma FTS, demonstrating that a DBD can promote FTS for more methane and higher hydrocarbon formation. It is shown that the catalyst is not fully reduced and is a mixture of CoO and Co. Carbon deposition present due to incomplete heat treatment of the catalyst to remove the organic coating on SiO2 support results in catalyst deactivation, which can be eliminated by using high catalyst reduction temperature. Furthermore, the catalytic activity increases during the course of reaction due to the plasma-induced morphological changes in the catalyst structure. In the absence of a plasma, catalyst deactivation is very rapid, which is reversed by burning carbon deposit using DBD plasma in oxygen atmosphere at 150 °C. The results indicate that it is possible to develop a new sustainable, distributed FTS technology operating at low temperatures, ambient pressure, and small scale by optimizing the catalyst property, reactor design, and reaction parameters under plasma conditions.

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“…All results are reported in mole percent. The selectivity to C 5+ hydrocarbons was calculated from the carbon balance of the reactions. ,, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Akay

Zhang

Al-Harrasi

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This type of chemical looping reaction scheme can be applied to an important reaction involving a mixture of CO 2 and N 2 which is of course encountered in combustion gases. Catalytic plasma CO 2 conversion to CO has been studied extensively [3,[19][20][21][22][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], including the effects of nitrogen [108,109] and water [110] on CO 2 conversion. In particular, the effect of dilution of CO 2 with N 2 has been shown to enhance CO 2 conversion which is accompanied by the evolution of NO x (NO, NO 2 ) as well as N 2 O [3,108,109].…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide and Flue Gas Conversion To Ammonia And Fertilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently shown that the combination of BaTiO 3 and silica supported catalyst, Ni/Si = 1/4, increased nitrogen conversion in catalytic non-thermal plasma synthesis of NH 3 in a packed bed plasma reactor [14,16] as well as in CO 2 reduction CO [107]. This was attributed to maintenance of plasma across the reactor and near the catalyst sites by BaTiO 3 .…”

Section: Mixed Spinel Oxide and Perovskite Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Akay

2020

Catalysts

103

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Simultaneous generation of plasma by microwave irradiation of perovskite or the spinel type of silica supported porous catalyst oxides and their reduction by nitrogen in the presence of oxygen is demonstrated. As a result of plasma generation in air, NOx generation is accompanied by the development of highly heterogeneous regions in terms of chemical and morphological variations within the catalyst. Regions of almost completely reduced catalyst are dispersed within the catalyst oxide, across micron-scale domains. The quantification of the catalyst heterogeneity and evaluation of catalyst structure are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and XRD. Plasma generating supported spinel catalysts are synthesized using the technique developed by the author (Catalysts; 2016; 6; 80) and BaTiO3 is used to exemplify perovskites. Silica supported catalyst systems are represented as M/Si = X (single catalysts) or as M(1)/M(2)/Si = X/Y/Z (binary catalysts) where M; M(1) M(2) = Cr; Mn; Fe; Co; Cu and X, Y, Z are the molar ratio of the catalysts and SiO2 support. Composite porous catalysts are synthesized using a mixture of Co and BaTiO3. In all the catalysts, structural heterogeneity manifests itself through defects, phase separation and increased porosity resulting in the creation of the high activity sites. The chemical heterogeneity results in reduced and oxidized domains and in very large changes in catalyst/support ratio. High electrical potential activity within BaTiO3 particles is observed through the formation of electrical treeing. Plasma generation starts as soon as the supported catalyst is synthesized. Two conditions for plasma generation are observed: Metal/Silica molar ratio should be > 1/2 and the resulting oxide should be spinel type; represented as MaOb (a = 3; b = 4 for single catalyst). Composite catalysts are represented as {M/Si = X}/BaTiO3 and obtained from the catalyst/silica precursor fluid with BaTiO3 particles which undergo fragmentation during microwave irradiation. Further irradiation causes plasma generation, NOx formation and lattice oxygen depletion. Partially reduced spinels are represented as MaOb–c. These reactions occur through a chemical looping process in micron-scale domains on the porous catalyst surface. Therefore; it is possible to scale-up this process to obtain NOx from MaOb for nitric acid production and H2 generation from MaOb–c by catalyst re-oxidized by water. Re-oxidation by CO2 delivers CO as fuel. These findings explain the mechanism of conversion of combustion gases (CO2 + N2) to CO and NOx via a chemical looping process. Mechanism of catalyst generation is proposed and the resulting structural inhomogeneity is characterized. Plasma generating catalysts also represent a new form of Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) for stealth and protection from radiation in which electromagnetic energy is dissipated by plasma generation and catalytic reactions. These catalytic RAMs can be expected to be more efficient in frequency independent microwave absorption.

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“…Effectively, several studies carried out by using BaTiO 3 and glass as moderator materials revealed that the former performs better, even at temperatures above its Curie point. [49][50][51] As ferroelectric materials may act as catalysts for the ammonia synthesis and other plasma-catalysis processes, [49,50,52,53] the higher NH 3 yield obtained with PZT could also be due to a higher catalytic activity of this material as compared with that of BaTiO 3 . In addition, the highest BaTiO 3 current in Figure 4a for the same temperature range than for the experiment in Figure 5 supports the idea that electron impact processes directly related to the decomposition of the ammonia molecule [54] are more probable for BaTiO 3 than for PZT and might contribute to the observed relative decrease in efficiency of the former.…”

Section: Curie Transition Temperature and Packed-bed Reactor Efficimentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and reaction performances of packed‐bed plasma reactors moderated with ferroelectric or dielectric materials

Gómez‐Ramírez

Álvarez

Navascués

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The operational behavior of packed‐bed plasma reactors depends on the dimension, shape, and chemical properties of the pellets used as moderators, but little information exists about the influence of their specific dielectric properties. Herein, we comparatively study the electrical behavior of a packed‐bed reactor filled with pellets of either dielectric (Al2O3 and glass) or ferroelectric (BaTiO3 and lead zirconate titanate) materials. We found that plasma current was higher for ferroelectrics and presented a nonlineal dependence on voltage. Moreover, for BaTiO3, we found a drastic decrease at around its relatively low Curie temperature. Differences in electrical behavior have a direct effect on the reactor performance, as illustrated for the ammonia synthesis, demonstrating the importance of moderator material dielectric properties and their dependence on temperature.

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Correction to “A Study on CO₂ Decomposition to CO and O₂ by the Combination of Catalysis and Dielectric-Barrier Discharges at Low Temperatures and Ambient Pressure”

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Electrical and reaction performances of packed‐bed plasma reactors moderated with ferroelectric or dielectric materials

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Correction to “A Study on CO2 Decomposition to CO and O2 by the Combination of Catalysis and Dielectric-Barrier Discharges at Low Temperatures and Ambient Pressure”

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Plasma Generating—Chemical Looping Catalyst Synthesis by Microwave Plasma Shock for Nitrogen Fixation from Air and Hydrogen Production from Water for Agriculture and Energy Technologies in Global Warming Prevention

Electrical and reaction performances of packed‐bed plasma reactors moderated with ferroelectric or dielectric materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Correction to “A Study on CO₂ Decomposition to CO and O₂ by the Combination of Catalysis and Dielectric-Barrier Discharges at Low Temperatures and Ambient Pressure”

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly

Catalytic Plasma Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using Hierarchically Connected Porous Co/SiO₂ Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Induced Co-assembly